Volume 100, Issue 5, May 2022

Mitochondrial DNA copy number is heritable and could be a potential genetic indicator to indirectly improve traits of interest in beef cattle.

Odd-chain fatty acids may be a suitable alternative marker method to quantify ruminal microbial nitrogen flow in beef cattle.

The knowledge and understanding of the maintenance energy requirements among beef cattle breeds is key to the success of diet formulation in feedlot cattle, aiming for optimal production and sustainable profit. Studies evaluating the energy requirement of purebred Nellore cattle and its crossbreds reared in the same experimental conditions from birth to slaughter will give valuable information for nutritionists and consultants working in the beef production system under tropical conditions.

Mootral, which contains garlic and bitter orange extract decreased methane emissions in feedlot steers fed high-grain diets.

Influence of swine dysentery on growth performance, and digestibility of nutrients and fiber in growing pigs.

Supplementation of corn-wheat-wheat bran-based diets that are deficient in net energy and digestible amino acids and P with multi-enzyme mixture can result in improved feed efficiency, bone mineralization, energy and nutrient digestibility; and increased fecal concentration of Butyricicoccus microorganisms (that are beneficial with regard to gut health) of grow-finish pigs.

Dietary supplementation of xylanase at a range of 750 to 1,500 xylanase unit per kg feed reduced the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa, oxidative damages in the jejunum, and ileal digestibility of nutrients of nursery pigs.

Live yeast culture (LYC) is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its metabolites. This study confirmed that supplemental LYC improved the intestinal health of broiler chickens through modulation of serum immune responses, ileal cytokine genes expression, upregulated tight junction-related protein genes and gut microbiota diversity.

By utilizing residual waste the study focused to investigate cost effective, functional, and well-balanced diet for poultry.

Foregoing creep feed and feeding low-complexity nursery diets to pigs did not have lasting negative effects on gastrointestinal physiology.

The present findings are significant for providing new strategies for regulating the growth of piglets with IUGR and highlighting the potential applications of this phytochemical in swine production.

Given the species differences in energy utilization response to severity of heat damage, target species should be considered when using metabolizable energy value of poultry meal in feed formulation.

Coated tannin could improve growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal function of weaned piglets, and it had the potential to replace ZnO applied to farming.

Several researchers have considered water an essential nutrient for dairy cows, but studies on its quality are rare. This study evaluated the biological water quality from Western German dairy farms, identified risk factors for quality impairment, showed that microbial growth on trough surfaces is related to biological water quality, and detected antibiotic-resistant bacteria in troughs.

Arctiin (ARC) can effectively prevent Salmonella pullorum infection in broilers. The antibacterial mechanism of ARC is related to the inhibition of biofilm formation of bacteria.

The feedlot steers in this study demonstrated sufficient homeorhetic capacity to adjust to moderate heat load and recover from it. Intensive measure of performance and physiological variables uncovered an elliptical relationship between DMI and rumen temperature which was underpinned by linear relationships between rumen temperature and respiration rate, water consumption and body surface temperature.

Estimation of variance components is becoming computationally challenging due to the increasing size of genomic information. We investigated the impacts of using the algorithm for proven and young (APY) in genetic evaluations. The use of APY has no impact on variance components and genetic parameters estimation.

miR-671-5p and transcription factor MAZ mediated porcine SLC6A4 expression level, providing the possible molecular mechanism of aggressive behavior regulation.

In modern swine breeding, genetic evaluations are often limited to data from nucleus herds and terminal commercial animals from structured testing herds. This study demonstrates a method to fill information gaps in genetic evaluations relating dams of commercial animals to selection candidates via imputed genotypes from originally non-genotyped animals.

Eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle is a complex trait, with a moderate heritability, affected by multiple loci, including genes related to melanocyte biology, melanogenesis, and melanomagenesis.

Dietary l-tryptophan supplementation can rescue lipid metabolism through regulating fatty acid response related genes in low birth weight piglet model.

Operational proxies of robustness, based on data collected routinely on farm in fattening pigs, could be used in genetic selection for this trait.

Feeding 26.0 g/d of standardized ileal digestible lysine to gilts, with all other amino acids to lysine ratios meeting or exceeding National Research Council (NRC) recommendations, from days 90 to 110 of gestation increases the mass of mammary parenchymal tissue by 44%. Results indicate that the current NRC recommendations for dietary lysine during late pregnancy in pigs are underestimated.

Wet brewer’s grain for cattle feeding is highly susceptible to loss of quality and nutritive value during storage and feeding. Thus, this study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of an array of preservatives to extend shelf life and improve digestibility at different stages of storage.

A novel extrusion process has allowed for the production of a stable dried distillers’ grains cube that is a potential supplement for growing cattle consuming moderate-quality forages.

In a pen trial, animals supplemented with mineral-salt were found to be less susceptible to larkspur poisoning than the non-supplemented animals. Grazing animals supplemented with mineral-salt had higher concentrations of larkspur alkaloids in their serum indicating they may be able to tolerate higher larkspur consumption.

Maternal infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus altered both innate and adaptive immune responses in offspring, and maternal isoflavone supplementation did not mitigate these effects. Maternal infection did not impact offspring muscle development.