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Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: antibiotic resistance, virulence and transmission
Yang Guo and others
Objectives Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to investigate antibiotic resistance, virulence and transmission profiles of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates from Shanghai, China. Methods A total of 306 MDR-TB clinical isolates were collected from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital ...
Tracking Antimicrobial Resistant Organisms Timely: a workflow validation study for successive core-genome SNP-based nosocomial transmission analysis
Kotaro Aoki and others
Background and Objectives Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions in hospitals require timely information to determine the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms. We proposed and developed a successive core-genome SNP (cgSNP)-based phylogenetic ...
Feasibility of 24 h continuous-infusion cefiderocol administered by elastomeric pump in attaining an aggressive PK/PD target in the treatment of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae otomastoiditis
Stella Babich and others
Objectives Cefiderocol has emerged as a key treatment for managing MDR infections, and its time-dependent pharmacodynamics are optimized by prolonged infusion to maintain time above the MIC ( T > MIC ). Whereas recent stability studies have shown cefiderocol remains stable up to 72 h in ...
Pharmacodynamics of aztreonam/ceftazidime/avibactam and polymyxin B versus New Delhi MBL-producing Acinetobacter baumannii
Jacob T Dumbleton and others
Background Acinetobacter baumannii has become an increasingly urgent public health concern among global health agencies due to high rates of carbapenem resistance. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) that express both oxacillinases and MBLs is especially problematic due to resistance to all ...
Significant reduction in antibiotic prescription rates in Japan following implementation of the national action plan on antimicrobial resistance (2016–20): a 9-year interrupted time-series analysis
Hideki Hashimoto and others
Background Research on the effectiveness of Japan’s national action plan on antimicrobial resistance, including among individuals with HIV, remains scarce. Objectives To evaluate the impact of policies on antibiotic prescription practices. Methods Outpatient oral antibiotic prescription data from ...

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Review Article
Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): updated guidelines from the UK
These evidence-based guidelines are an updated version of those issued in 2008. They have been produced following a review of the published literature (2007–18) pertaining to the treatment of infections caused by MRSA. The guidelines update, where appropriate, previous recommendations, taking into account changes in the UK ...
Review Article
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative pathogens are a major cause of resistance to expanded-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. Since their discovery in the early 1980s, they have spread worldwide and an are now endemic in Enterobacterales isolated from both hospital-associated and community-acquired ...
Review Article
Sulbactam for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: a literature review
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is characterized as a critical priority pathogen with restricted therapeutic options. To date, the most effective antimicrobial treatment against this difficult-to-treat bacterial strain has not been established. Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with intrinsic ...
Review Article
Antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections—a systematic review
Background Reducing antibiotic duration is a key stewardship intervention to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We examined current evidence informing antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections to identify any gaps in terms of settings, patient populations and infectious conditions. Trial methodologies were ...
Review Article
The social burden of antimicrobial resistance: what is it, how can we measure it, and why does it matter?
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, which is increasingly quantified in terms of its human health and economic burden. In this article, we highlight that for policy and planning purposes the social burden of AMR is as important to attend to as health and economic burdens, requiring systematic ...
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