
Contents
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The Universal Authority of Heaven and Its Compensatory Powers The Universal Authority of Heaven and Its Compensatory Powers
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Individual Determination of Destiny Individual Determination of Destiny
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Personal Yi vs. Heaven’s Yi: Are Individuals Capable of Correct Self-Determination? Personal Yi vs. Heaven’s Yi: Are Individuals Capable of Correct Self-Determination?
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Deciphering Heaven’s Laws: The Role of the “Achieved Man” Deciphering Heaven’s Laws: The Role of the “Achieved Man”
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Types of Upward Conformity: Rulers, Achieved Men, and Mindful Conformists Types of Upward Conformity: Rulers, Achieved Men, and Mindful Conformists
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The Ruler as Superior Mediator of Heavenly Authority The Ruler as Superior Mediator of Heavenly Authority
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The Authority to Advise: Achieved Ministers as Checks on a Ruler’s Authority The Authority to Advise: Achieved Ministers as Checks on a Ruler’s Authority
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Mindful Conformists and the Authority to Sense Right from Wrong Mindful Conformists and the Authority to Sense Right from Wrong
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Conclusion Conclusion
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One Individual Agency and Universal, Centralized Authority in Early Mohist Writings
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Published:June 2010
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Abstract
This chapter examines the early Mohist rhetoric on upward conformity to ascertain their views on the limits and parameters of individual agency and autonomous decision-making powers. By exploring what underlies this rhetoric—rooted so deeply in a religious belief about the nature of Heaven's interactions with man—it shows how such rhetoric goes hand in hand with encompassing views on individual self-determination and meritocratic government policies. The rhetoric of upward conformity advocates universal and uniform allegiance to a single higher power—mediated through a political hierarchy. This differs from the views expressed in the Ru (Confucian) circles of the day, which, while ultimately extolling the Dao and Heaven's authority, also allocated a considerable amount of power to cultural forms and moral persons both inside and outside of government service.
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