
Contents
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Approaches to the Study of Individualism in China Approaches to the Study of Individualism in China
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Historical Background: A Growing Awareness of Individual Agency Historical Background: A Growing Awareness of Individual Agency
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Explanation of Key Concepts Explanation of Key Concepts
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Modes of Human Agency: Conformity and Individual Agency Modes of Human Agency: Conformity and Individual Agency
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The Self as Individual The Self as Individual
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Cite
Extract
The imperial beginnings of China tell a story not just of concrete changes in state structure, policy, and military power but also of important developments in ideology. Well before the First Emperor of the Qin proclaimed sovereignty over a unified empire in 221 BCE, the concept that all should be united under a single great cosmic authority had clearly begun to take root in religious and intellectual circles as well as in political discourse.1Close Alongside this focus on a unified authority that extends beyond and helps shape individual behaviors, a widespread debate on universal human nature (xing 性) began to locate cosmic authority and power in all humans from birth, helping usher in movements that viewed the individual body as a key source of empowerment.2Close This book introduces the development of early Chinese beliefs that link universal, cosmic authority to the individual in new and interesting ways, indeed in ways that might sometimes be referred to as individualistic. In addition, this book also illustrates how such ideological and religious beliefs developed alongside and potentially helped contribute to larger sociopolitical changes of the time, such as the centralization of political authority and the growth in social mobility of the shi (士 educated elite) class.
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