The Civil War and the Summer of 2020
The Civil War and the Summer of 2020
James B. Duke Professor of Africana Studies
Professor of History
Cite
Abstract
George Floyd’s murder in the summer of 2020 sparked a national reckoning for the United States that had been four hundred years in the making. Millions of Americans took to the streets to protest both the murder and the centuries of systematic racism that already existed among European colonists but transformed with the arrival of the first African American slaves in 1619. The violence needed to enforce that systematic racism for all those years, from the slave driver’s whip to state sponsored police brutality, attracted the primary attention of the protesters. The resistance of the protestors echoed generations of African Americans resisting the violence and oppression of white supremacy. Their resistance to violence, though, soon spread to other aspects of systematic racism, including a cultural hegemony built on and reinforcing white supremacy. At the heart of this white supremacist culture is the memory of the Civil War era, when in 1861 eight million white Americans revolted against their country to try to safeguard their enslavement of four million African Americans. The volume has three interconnected sections that build on one another. The first explores systematic racism in the Civil War era and now with essays on topics including slavery, policing, and slave patrols. The second shows how African Americans resisted the violence for the last two centuries with essays discussing matters including self-emancipation and African American soldiers. The last section investigates the ways Americans have remembered both violence and resistance since the Civil War, including Confederate Monuments and historical markers.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Hilary N. Green
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Violence
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1
White Supremacy, the American Militia, and the Legacy of the Civil War Era
Barbara A. Gannon
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2
African Americans and Native Americans in North Carolina During the Summer of 2020: The Struggle for People of Color to Find a Shared Civil War–Era Memory
Jaime Amanda Martinez
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3
Witnessing Ned Scott’s Coffin: Spectacular Police Violence in the Age of Emancipation
John Bardes
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4
Abaline Miller and the Struggle for Justice against the Employer Police State after Slavery
William Horne
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1
White Supremacy, the American Militia, and the Legacy of the Civil War Era
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Resistance
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5
From Eagle Buttons to Face Masks: The Dangers of Expressing Racial Equality
Emmanuel Dabney
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6
“Give Me My Rights”: Patriotism and Protest Among Black Civil War Soldiers and Black Lives Matter Activists
Jonathan Lande
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7
A Lens Through Which We Can View Society: Sports and Race in America
Daryl A. Carter
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8
Slave Agency, the Emancipation Monument, and History’s Reckoning
Karen Cook Bell
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9
Fighting for Black Humanity: Political Action of Post-Emancipation Black Christians
Nicole Myers Turner
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10
Jim Crow Then, Jim Crow Now: Police Violence, Tort Law, and Black Resistance in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Myisha S. Eatmon
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11
“How wonderful a country”: Black Lives Matter and the Long History of Aboriginal Resistance
Samuel Watts
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5
From Eagle Buttons to Face Masks: The Dangers of Expressing Racial Equality
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Memory
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12
Carpetbagging the Colfax Riot Marker
LeeAnna Keith
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13
“Moving History”: The Life and Afterlife of Louisville’s Confederate Monument
Anne E. Marshall
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14
Goodbye, Calhoun. What’s Next? The Future of Charleston’s Commemorative Landscape
Adam H. Domby
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15
“Back at Bragg”: Civil War Memory and the US Army
Beau Cleland
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16
There’s still no balm in Gilead: The Fatal Costs of Traumatic Memory
Scott Hancock
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12
Carpetbagging the Colfax Riot Marker
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End Matter
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