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L.I. Sly, M.C. Hodgkinson, Vullapa Arunpairojana, Effect of water velocity on the early development of manganese-depositing biofilm in a drinking-water distribution system, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Volume 4, Issue 3-4, May 1988, Pages 175–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02662.x
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Summary
A study of the development of biofilm colonizing the surfaces of pipes in a drinking-water distribution system has shown that water velocity significantly influenced the nature and physiological activity of the biofilm. Biofilm developed at a velocity of 0.5 m s−1 actively oxidized and deposited manganese, but at 0.01 m s−1 no manganese was deposited. Budding bacteria were the dominant microorganisms depositing manganese but a variety of other organisms were also present in the biofilms. The budding bacteria oxidizing manganese were Pedomicrobium manganicum and Metallogenium.
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