... are mediated by complex signalling cascades that initiate and control genetic reprogramming. The signalling molecule's signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in the initiation and continuation of these pathophysiological changes. This review highlights the pivotal...

.... This novel path that involves the activation of a transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been termed the survival activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway. In this review, we will discuss whether targeting the SAFE pathway may be considered as a preventive...

... was to follow-up the study ‘High incidence of defective ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice’ and evaluate if annual testing is good enough to reduce the incidence of defective ultrasound transducers in routine clinical practice to an acceptable level. Methods and results A total...

... mechanism will be reviewed. These new discoveries further our understanding for the important role of the NF-κB–IL-6 signalling pathway in the process of vascular inflammation. Nuclear factor-κB Angiotensin II Interleukin-6 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 * Corresponding author. Tel...

... The objective was to evaluate the function of ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice and thereby estimating the incidence of defective transducers. Methods and results The study comprised a one-time test of 676 transducers from 7 manufacturers which were in daily use in clinical...

... kinase MKKK, MAP kinase kinase kinase MMP, matrix metalloproteinase NC, ADP-ribosyl cyclase NEP, neutral endopeptidase PKA, protein kinase A PKC, protein kinase C PLC, phospholipase C Shc, sequence homology of collagen SOD, superoxide dismutase Sos, ‘son of sevenless’ STAT, signal transducer...

... converting enzyme inhibitory proteins H/H, Hamburger and Hamilton stage IAS, interatrial septum ICAD, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase IVS, interventricular septum Jak/Stat, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription JNK, stress-activated c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase LA...

... downstream from the ‘sev’ receptor tyrosine kinase STAT = signal transducer and activator of transcription – transcription factors which have SH2 and tyrosyl-phosphorylation domains for dimerization to facilitate translocation from cytosol to nucleus upon cytokine or hormone activation STZ = streptozotocin...

... of a transoesophageal echocardiographic transducer with a rotatable cross-sectional scanning plane underwent initial clinical evaluation. Methods: the 5 MHz, phased array, 64 element transducer is incorporated into a 16 by 11 by 40 mm echoscope tip. The instrument also has pulsed wave and colour flow Doppler...

...F. Cucchini; C. Di Mario; A. Iavernaro; R. Zeppellini; A. Barilli; R. Bolognesi Catheter tip velocity transducer aortic blood flow aortic blood acceleration coronary artery disease Abstract In 25 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization, a catheter-tip electromagnetic velocity...

... into high-end, mid-range, portable, and handheld scanners. Aside from image quality, much emphasis is placed on ergonomics, the user interface, and the patient data archiving system, which are all important to optimize workflow. Phased array transducers are used in echocardiography. Much of the signal...

... by describing the practical aspects of transducer holding and its handling in transthoracic, as well as transooesophageal, echocardiography. Then, the reader is familiarized with the standard documentation of grey-scale 2D imaging, colour-coded imaging, and spectral Doppler imaging according to the actual...