... for vascular access in the majority of critical care patients. acidosis alkalosis hypoxaemia hypercapnia overhydration dehydration potassium sodium calcium magnesium ultrasound guided vascular access vascular access arterial catheterization central venous cannulation internal jugular venous access...

... to prevent cardiovascular and neurological compromise. Therapeutic strategies range from simple electrolyte substitution and fluid management to extracorporeal filtration of excess fluid and electrolytes. These are discussed within this chapter. acidosis alkalosis hypoxaemia hypercapnia overhydration...