... Background Great diversity among public hereditary variants may play a role in the susceptibility and severity of acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Cytokine gene polymorphisms may contribute to the disease-associated cytokine imbalance. However, to the best of our knowledge...

...Eloi Marijon; Ana Mocumbi; Kumar Narayanan; Xavier Jouven; David S Celermajer Abstract Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the result of episodes of acute rheumatic fever with valvular (and other cardiac) damage caused by an abnormal immune response to group A streptococcal infections, usually...

... The European Society of Cardiology 1991 Abstract Rheumatic carditis is a sequela of group A streptococcal throat infection. Although the pathogenic mechanisms which lead to heart damage in acute rheumatic fever (ARF) are not well understood, autoimmune processes have been implicated, involving molecular...

...A. Lindinger; A. A. Schmaltz; W. Hoffmann Address for correspondence: Dr med. Angelika Lindinger, Kinder-kardiologie. Universitäts-Kinderklinik, D-6650 Homburg/Saar, F.R.G. © 1987 The European Society of Cardiology 1987 Abstract Nowadays constrictive pericarditis and acute rheumatic fever...

...European Society of Cardiology This chapter outlines the current best estimates for mortality and morbidity for group A Streptococcus, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease and in particular highlights the disproportionate burden of disease. mortality morbidity acute...

...European Society of Cardiology The diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever cannot be made using a single test. The diagnosis requires the recognition of a complex of clinical signs divided into major and minor manifestations as well as laboratory investigations aided by application of the Jones criteria...

...European Society of Cardiology Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease are important causes of death and disability in low- and middle-income countries. The last decade has seen renewed interest and efforts to study and treat this disease. The contemporary prevalence of rheumatic...

...European Society of Cardiology Acute rheumatic fever is caused by the body’s autoimmune response to a group A streptococcal infection, classically pharyngitis. Rheumatic heart disease refers to the long-term cardiac damage caused by either a single severe episode or multiple recurrent episodes...

...European Society of Cardiology Echocardiography has an important role in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and chronic rheumatic heart disease and requires integration of morphological abnormalities with abnormal valvular haemodynamic characteristics. In ARF, echocardiographic detection...