Index

For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52–53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages.

Tables are indicated by t following the page number

Note. There are no index entries for individuals mentioned once / noticed in passing, or for places without particular significance.

abortion
in Free State / Republic191, 316–17, 404
legalisation in Republic330, 368, 390, 404–7, 552, 563–64, 571
in nineteenth century130–31, 136
in Northern Ireland293, 297, 397, 401–2
opposition to191, 296, 330–31, 403
and Protestants223–24

abuse crises378–91
affect on religious belief and practicexxx, 328, 329, 330, 333–34, 374, 378, 408, 465–66, 508–9, 552, 563–64, 569–71
in Free State / Republic258, 263–64
and institutional settings378–81 See also Magdalene Laundries; See also Mother and Baby Homes
investigations of381–85 See also Cloyne Report; See also Ferns Inquiry and Report; See also Hart Inquiry; See also McAleese Report; See also Murphy Report; See also Ryan Commission and Report
and media303, 317, 318, 332
in Northern Ireland379–80, 381, 389 See also Hart Inquiry
in Protestant settings389–90
redress of385–89, 390–91

Acheson, Alan243, 244–45

Adams, Gerry199, 460–61, 462, 464–65

adoption380–81, 384–85, 401, 404

Alcock, Deborah108, 110–11

Alexander, Archbishop William58, 63–64, 112, 113

Alexander, Cecil Frances108, 112, 114

All Hallows Missionary College45–46, 98, 287

Ancient Order of Hibernians32, 196, 201

Andrews, Eamonn311, 312–13

Angelus308, 364

anti-Catholicism
and Ian Paisley116, 443–44, 447, 448–86
and literature109, 116, 117
in nineteenth centuryxxvi, 5, 8, 14, 53, 64–67, 129
in Northern Ireland231, 243–44, 397, 418, 421–22
and southern Protestants213, 221–22, 224–25, 231

anti-slavery63–64, 115

apology / apologiesxxx, 378, 386, 387–89, 391, 466–67

associational culture27, 62–63, 65, 90–92, 101, 127–28, 201, 219–20, 245

atheism303, 562

atheists371, 562, 563

Atheist Ireland562, 572

B Specials196, 208, 416

Baha’i496

Ballymascanlon Talks243, 244–45, 421–22

Banim, John112, 117–19, 549

Baptists53–54, 55t, 60, 63–64, 172, 232, 234t, 234–36, 313

Barr, Colin44–47, 126, 134

Bebbington, David W.56, 439

Belfast Central Mission236, 237, 239

Belfast Town (City) Mission61–62

Belfast Agreement (1998)xxiii–xxiv, 399, 435, 449, 466, 481, 551–52

biblical criticism93–94, 95

birth control and contraception See also Catholic Church: and artificial contraception
in Free State / Republic158–59, 291, 295–97, 305, 398, 403–4
in nineteenth century130–31
in Northern Ireland297
popular attitudes towards159, 190–91, 285

Blackrock College151, 154

‘Blessed Turf’83–84

Bloody Sunday (1972)454, 457–58

Boys Brigade236

Brethren54, 60, 232, 234t, 234–35

Brewer, John417–18

Brexitxxx, 409, 428–30

British Broadcasting Corporation, Northern Ireland303–4, 309–10
Protestant churches and309, 313–14
and religious broadcasting309–10, 315

British empire45, 62–63, 99–101, 218, 223 See also colonialism

Brooke, Basil167–68, 169, 171, 201–2, 279–80

Browne, Bishop Michael154, 188

Browne, Noël155, 259, 292–93

Bruce, Rev William3, 4–5, 14, 110

Buddhism and Buddhists352, 496–97

Butt, Isaac10–11, 29

Byers, Margaret133, 136

Byrne, Archbishop Edward150, 151, 153–54, 255

Byrne, Gay188, 316

Carleton, William109, 110–11

Carson, Sir Edward173, 416

Carson, Rev John Talbot238, 240

Catholic Action207–8, 286, 289–90, 294

Catholic Apostolic Church54, 59–60

Catholic Church
and artificial contraception189–90, 191, 202, 296, 332
and cultural change since 1950s156–59, 184–87, 190–92, 207–9, 259–61, 291–94, 362, 367–68, 375–76
and education in nineteenth century22, 23–24, 25, 27, 28–29, 133
and education in the Free State / Republic157–58, 180, 254–56
and education in Northern Ireland202–4, 269, 274, 275, 276, 277–80, 281–82, 330–31
and immigrant congregations525, 528–30
and loyalty in the nineteenth century6–7, 8, 11, 14–15
moral teaching ofxxviii, 152–54, 156, 197
and opposition to violence19, 198, 200, 454–67
and politics in the nineteenth century8–11, 13, 14–15, 22, 25, 29–34, 44
and relations with the Irish state146–47, 159–60
and science92, 97–98, 100, 101–2
and the Troubles189, 454–67

Catholics during the penal era3, 4–5, 13, 21, 83, 116, 125, 179, 199–200, 544

Catholic Emancipation (1829)xxv–xxvi, 19, 22, 65, 151–52

Catholics and politics in Northern Ireland197–99 See also Catholic Church: and the Troubles

Catholic Truth Society109, 165, 184–85, 201, 287, 289–90, 291, 306

Catholic University27, 28, 91–92

celtic spirituality513

censorship
in Free State / Republic152–53, 179–80, 182, 291, 305, 310, 330, 398
in Northern Ireland175, 236–37
relaxation of156, 186–87, 217–18, 223–24

census and religion342–46, 365 See also religious adherence

charismatic renewalxxxi–xxxii, 243, 439, 489–90, 499–500

charms and charmers79, 80, 81

Children of God493–94

Christian Brothers133–34, 205, 259, 381–82, 388

church attendance See also religious adherence
decline in190–91, 326t, 326–27, 335–36, 378, 552, 567–68
high point180–81, 184, 190, 365–66
and immigration525
in nineteenth century26, 36–38, 39–40, 361, 548
in Northern Ireland326t, 326–27, 422

church buildings20, 40–43, 361, 526

church finances19–20, 41–43 See also disestablishment; See also regium donum; See also tithes

Church Leaders’ Group428, 466–67, 551–52

church and state See also Government of Ireland Act (1920); See also Irish Constitution (1937); See also law and religion
in Free State / Republicxxvii–xxviii, xxx, 145–60, 165, 175, 179–80, 213–14, 336, 571–73
in Northern Irelandxxvii–xxviii, xxx, 33, 174–76, 336
before partitionxxv, 8, 19–34

Church of Irelandxxv
disestablishment ofxxv–xxvi, 10–11, 13, 27–28, 57, 58, 551
in Free State / Republic16, 213–15, 249–50, 251, 257–58, 313, 349–50, 350t, 353, 355, 359, 551
High Church party21, 24, 57–58, 60–61
in Northern Ireland164–65, 230, 232, 233t, 234–36, 238–39, 270–71, 273, 277–78, 282
numbers and distribution5, 53–54, 55t, 55–56
and opposition to Home Rule32, 163–64
reform in nineteenth centuryxxvi, 12, 20, 24, 57–58
before partition19–22, 23–24, 27–28, 53–8

Church of Scientology495–96

cinema33, 184, 201, 236–37, 305

civil rights campaign208–196, 420–21, 454–55

Cleary, Bridget82

Clerke, Agnes Mary91–92, 96

Clonard Monastery464–65

Clonard Monastery-Fitzroy Presbyterian Fellowship424, 481–82

Cloyne Report (2011)330, 379, 382–83

Collins, Michael15, 196, 197

colonialism99, 137, 248, 250–51, 252–53, 263, 325, 417–18, 419, 425, 513

Communion62, 180, 181, 184, 190, 373, 568–69, 572–73

Communism, opposition to153, 201–2, 204, 259, 303

Confession73, 134, 154, 180–81, 190, 372–74

Congregationalists53–54, 55t, 60, 234t

conscription33, 148

Contagious Disease Acts135–36

contraception See birth control

Conway, Cardinal William157–58, 454–55, 457–59

Cooke, Rev Henry6, 21, 58–59, 60–61

Corkey, Rev Professor Robert173, 275, 279–80

Corkey, Rev William273, 274, 275, 277–78, 279–80

Cornerstone community424, 427, 466, 480

Corrymeela241–42, 424–25, 427

Cosgrave, William Thomas151–52, 153–54, 219, 250, 290–91, 304

Costello, John A.155, 188

COVID-19323–24, 335–36, 429

Craig, James, Viscount Craigavon164, 170–71, 196, 272–73, 275–76, 310

Crichton, Francis Elizabeth Sinclair107–8

Crolly, Archbishop William25, 26–27

Cullen, Cardinal Paul9–11, 14–15, 26–27, 28, 29, 30, 36–37, 45–46, 132–33

‘cultural Catholicism’ /cultural Catholicsxxxii, 369–70, 566–69

cunning folkxxvi–xxvii, 75–76, 80, 81–83, 514–15

curses and cursing74–75, 78–79, 84

Dáil Éireann32–33, 149, 179–80, 191–92, 216, 218, 219, 251–52, 253

Dallas, Rev Alexander25–26, 66–67

D’Alton, Cardinal John Francis150, 155, 182–83, 184–85, 186–87, 207

Daly, Archbishop Cahal Brendan157–58, 183, 310, 455–56, 462–63, 465, 466

Daly, Bishop Edward454, 457, 460, 465, 466

Daly, Rev Robert57, 60

Darby, John Nelson60

D’Arcy, Archbishop Charles Frederick216–17, 223, 241

Darwin, Charlesxxvi–xxvii, 89–90, 92–93, 94–95, 98, 182

Darwinismxxvi–xxvii, 89–90, 92–96, 97, 98, 100

Davey, Rev Professor J. Ernest240, 444–45

Davey, Rev Ray241–42, 424–25

Davis, Thomas6–8, 109, 113, 550

Day, Rev Fergus313, 314–15, 318

Democratic Unionist Party330–31, 402–3, 418–19, 429–30, 435, 437, 449, 574–75

De Valera, Éamon151–52, 154, 155, 179–80, 185–87, 206, 251–52, 258–59, 306–7

De Vere, Aubrey112, 113, 114

Devlin, Joe195, 196, 197, 204, 206, 207–8

‘devotional revolution’xxvi, 13–14, 15–16, 26, 36, 133, 179, 548

diaspora, Irishxxvi, 11–12, 45–47, 62–63, 99

discrimination See religious discrimination

disestablishment See Church of Ireland

divorce
in Free State / Republic152–54, 191, 192, 223–24, 290–91, 330, 399, 404
liberalisation158, 330–31, 405–6, 571
in the nineteenth century136
in Northern Ireland202, 397, 401

Drew, Rev Thomas57, 58, 60–61, 67, 111

Dublin City Mission61

Dublin Temperance Society61–62

Dublin University Magazine7, 10–11, 109, 113

Dunlop, Rev John422–23, 465

Dunn, Fr Joseph314–15, 317–18

Early, Biddy81–82, 83–84

ecumenismxxviii–xxix, xxx–xxxi, 224, 230, 231, 241–42, 244–45, 314–15, 420–21, 428

Edgar, Rev John61–62, 65, 66–67, 90–91

Edgeworth, Maria108, 110–11

education
in Free State / Republicxxvii–xxviii, xxix, 152, 157–58, 180, 186–87, 225, 248–64, 406, 571–72
higher education28–29 See also Catholic University; See also Queen’s Colleges
integrated268, 277–78, 281, 408, 466
in Northern Irelandxxvii–xxviii, xxix, 33, 166, 167–68, 171–72, 202–3, 268–83, 273–74, 397, 400
before partition8, 20–21, 22, 23–24, 27, 72–73, 132, 248–49
and proselytism65 See also Second Reformation
religiousxxix, 157–58, 251, 254, 256, 258, 259, 262–63, 270–71, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 280, 282, 569

Elim Pentecostal234t

Elliott, Marianne53, 64

emigration20, 37, 39, 55, 73, 153, 155–57, 184, 185, 214–15, 220, 259–60, 292, 293–94, 325–26, 331–32, 493, 548–49 See also diaspora

Enlightenmentxxii, 72, 182, 439, 565–66

Ervine, St John111, 119–20

Eucharist See Communion

Eucharistic Congress (1932)151–52, 165, 199–200, 306

evangelicalism
in Free State / Republicxxxi–xxxii, 164, 230–31, 240, 242–43, 244–45, 329
and fundamentalism438–41, 445–47
in nineteenth centuryxxiii, 13–14, 56–61, 110
in Northern Irelandxxviii–xxix, xxx–xxxi, 230
and respectability126, 132, 134
varieties of438
and women20–21, 59, 126–28, 133, 134, 135–36

Evangelical Contribution on Northern Ireland244–45, 424, 426–27, 481–82

Everett, Alice96

fairiesxxvi–xxvii, 72–73, 76, 80, 81–82, 514

faith healingxxxi–xxxii, 489–90, 491, 499–500

family and religionxxvii, 37, 127, 290–91

Family of God See Children of God

Famine, Irishxxvi, 6, 25–26, 47, 61, 66, 72–73, 84, 112, 124–25, 132, 547–48

Farren, Bishop Neil201, 457–58

Father Ted318–19

Faul, Fr Denis457, 459, 460–61, 464

Feakle, County Clare81–82, 83–84, 243, 472–73, 474–75

Fellowship of Isis492

Fenianism10–11, 29–30, 549

Ferguson, Sir Samuel7, 112

Ferns Inquiry and Report (2005)330, 379, 382

Fethard-on-Sea boycott220, 259, 291–92, 551

Fianna Fáil151–52, 153–54, 155, 171, 218, 464–65

FitzGerald, Garret158, 189, 192

Fogarty, Bishop Michael149, 151

Foley, Bishop Patrick32–33, 148–49

folk religion37, 73, 74, 85, 508–9

forgiveness173, 420–21, 422–23, 426–27, 437–38, 466–67, 473, 481–82

Free Presbyterian Churchxxx–xxxi, 173–74, 234t, 234–35, 330–31, 435, 438, 445, 446–47

fundamentalism See evangelicalism; See Paisley, Ian; See Protestant fundamentalism

Furrow, The183, 207

Gallagher, Rev Eric473–74

Geertz, Cliffordxxiv, 13–14, 16

gender
and education133–34, 254, 261
in the nineteenth centuryxxvii, 43–44, 124–32
and political identity15–16, 137–38, 287–91
in the twentieth century285–91, 299, 326–27, 332, 347–49, 362, 490, 492

Gladstone, William Ewart27–29, 30–31, 100–1

Glenstal Abbey184, 241–42

Good Friday Agreement See Belfast Agreement (1998)

Government of Ireland Act (1920)33, 147–48, 165, 166, 169, 171, 272, 274, 276, 286, 398

Gregg, Archbishop John Allen Fitzgerald217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 241, 291–92

Grierson, Bishop Charles235–36, 237

Hall-Thompson, Samuel171–72, 279–80

Hannay, Rev James O. (George A. Birmingham)107–8, 109, 113, 117–19

Hare Krishna See International Society for Krishna Consciousness

Hart Inquiry (2017)379–80, 384, 386, 389–90, 408

health See public health

Hibernian Bible Society20–21, 61, 65, 224–25

Hibernian Church Missionary Society62, 63

Higgins, Cathy426, 427

Hinduism and Hindusxxxi–xxxii, 352, 353, 357, 536

holy wellsxxvi–xxvii, 73, 79–80, 84, 546, 546n.2, 547–48

Home Rulexxiii, 10–11, 100–1
Catholic support forxxv–xxvi, 11–13, 16, 29–33, 550
Protestant opposition to14, 15, 31, 32, 53, 60–61, 67, 100–1, 137–17, 163–64, 168, 198, 550
Protestant support for6–8, 9, 10–11, 109, 550

homosexuality137, 159, 298, 329, 397, 401–2, 404, 405, 563–64, 565, 574–75 See also sexuality

Humanae Vitae (1968)158–59, 187–89, 202, 296, 332

Hume, Cardinal Basil459–60, 461

Hume, John464–65

Hurley, Fr Michael SJ241–42, 425

Huxley, Thomas Henry93, 97, 98, 99–101

Hyde, Douglas110, 114–15

hymnsxxvii, 108, 113–15, 422–23

immigrant churches
and Catholic congregations528–30
characteristics523–27
and gender536–37
and Irish-majority churches525
and Muslim communities534–35
and Orthodox communities530–32
and Protestant minorities532–34
and racism429, 524–25
and revival of Catholic Church525

immigrationxxxi–xxxii, 225, 325, 352, 363–64, 523–24, 536–37, 553

Independent Irish Party6, 9–10

Independents See Congregationalists

individualisationxxii, 324, 329, 332–33, 362, 367–68, 371

Inglis, Tom152, 156, 332–33, 566–67

International Society for Krishna Consciousness497–98

Iona Institute334, 335–36, 572

Irish Church Missions to Roman Catholics66–67, 221–22

Irish Churches Peace Project427, 482–83

Irish Constitution (1937)xxvii–xxviii, 154, 165, 179–80, 198, 256, 263–64, 330, 398, 399

Irish Council of Churches241, 243, 329, 420, 421–22

Irish Inter-Church Meeting243, 421–22, 423–24

Irish language37, 65, 72–73, 218–19, 251–53, 257, 548

Irish Monthly91–92, 98, 109, 113, 286–87, 301

Irish Republican Army
attitudes of the Catholic Church towards149, 150, 198, 422, 454–67
before 1968195–96, 199, 206
Protestant perceptions of198, 199, 214–15, 420–21, 474
and the Troubles209, 454–67

Irish Revolutionxxvii–xxviii, 147–50

Irish School of Ecumenics424, 425–26

Irish Theological Quarterly182–83, 294–95

Islam See Muslims

Jehovah’s Witnesses492–93

Jesuits See Society of Jesus

Jewsxxxi–xxxii, 258–59, 285, 404, 523–24, 535–36, 553

Johnston, William108, 172

Joly, John100–2

Knock apparitions, County Mayo84, 548

Lambeth Conferences64, 223, 420

landscape and religion40–41, 137, 505, 512, 514, 515–16, 546, 547

Larkin, Emmetxxvi, 26, 30–31, 36–39, 40, 41–42, 48

Latter-day Saints493

law and religion396–410 See also church and state; See also Government of Ireland Act
in Northern Ireland397–98, 399–403
in Republic of Ireland398–99, 403–7

Lemass, Seán158, 185–86, 189, 312–13

Logue, Cardinal Michael196, 198, 251, 269, 290

London Church of Christ in Dublin494–95

Londonderry, Marquis of168, 169, 198, 268, 269, 271–72, 273, 274, 275–76

Loreto Sisters133, 259

Lucey, Bishop Cornelius155–56, 158, 292

Lutherans54, 526, 532–33, 536–37

Lynn, Sir Robert198, 269–71, 274, 275

Magdalene Laundries131, 290, 317, 326–27, 330, 332, 363, 378, 380, 381, 383–85, 386, 387–88, 408, 552, 569, 571–72 See also Mother and Baby Homes

Magee, Archbishop William21, 65

Magee College Derry28–29, 195–96, 240–41, 275

Mageean, Bishop Daniel198, 205–6, 276

magicxxvi–xxvii, xxxi–xxxii, 72–75
beneficial75–79 See also fairies; See also supernatural healing
harmful75–79
and paganism506

Mangan, James Clarence109, 114, 116–17

Mant, Bishop Richard57–58, 60–61, 114

marriagexxx, 128–30, 134–35, 158–59, 220–21, 291–94, 355–58
mixedxxvii, 119–20, 128, 138, 220–21, 291–92, 356–57, 399, 419
same sex marriage330–31, 401–2, 405–6

masculinity124, 137, 286

mass attendance See church attendance

material culturexxvi, 39–43

Mathew, Fr Theobold44, 61–62

Maturin, Rev Charles117

Maunder, Annie (née Scott Dill Russell)95–96

Maxwell, Henry, Baron Farnham20, 21, 22, 23, 66

Maynooth, St Patrick’s College25, 27–28, 30, 92, 459–60, 461

Maynooth, Synod of (1875)36–37, 255

McAleese Report383–84, 386

McCabe, Archbishop Edward30

McCann, Eamonn198–200

McCarthy, Denis Florence109, 113

McCluskey, Conn198–99, 204, 208

McCluskey, Patricia204, 208

McComb, William109–10, 112, 116

McCosh, Rev Professor James63–64, 92–93, 95

MacCurtain, Margaret156–57

MacHale, Archbishop John26–27, 129–30

McIlwaine, Rev William58, 113–14, 115

Macloskie, Professor George92–93, 95

McMaster, Rev Johnston426, 427

MacNeice, Bishop John Frederick213–14, 235–36

McQuaid, Archbishop John Charles146, 151, 154, 155–57, 159, 224, 255, 260, 292–93, 307, 308, 310–13, 314, 425

MacRory, Archbishop Joseph149–50, 154, 195–96, 198, 276

mediaxxviii, 180, 184, 303–19, 364, 367
and identity303
impact on religion303, 367 See also British Broadcasting Corporation; See also Radio Éireann; See also Radio Telefís Éireann

memory and religionxxxii, 542–53
definitions542–43
and folklore546, 548
and secularisation543–45

Methodism and Methodistsxxv–xxvi, 53–54, 55–56, 55t, 59, 62, 63–64, 126, 164, 215–16, 232, 233t, 234–35, 243–44, 257, 270–71, 273, 313, 552–53

missions See overseas missions

Mitchell, Bishop Frederick Julian241–42

mixed marriage See marriage

modernisationxxiv, 72–73, 74–75, 361–63

modernityxxii, 32, 72, 323, 544–45 See also secularisation

Moody, Dwight Lyman59, 97

Mooney, T.S.240, 244–45

Moore, Thomas108, 114–15, 117

Moravians53–54, 56, 59–60

Mormons See Latter-day Saints

Morris, Archbishop Thomas307, 311

Mother and Baby Homes290, 326–27, 328, 330, 332, 374, 378, 380–81, 384–85, 386–88, 389–90, 408, 508–9, 569, 571–72

Mother and Child Scheme (1951)146, 154–56, 184–85, 223–24, 292–93

Moving Beyond Sectarianism (2001)425–26

Murphy Report (2009)332–33, 379, 382, 383, 385–86, 388

Murray, Archbishop Daniel25, 26–27, 84, 92, 126

Muslimsxxxi–xxxii, 350–51, 352, 353, 357, 525, 534–35, 553

national identity and religionxxiii–xxiv, xxv–xxvi, xxvii–xxxi, xxxii, 3, 27, 98, 151, 175–76, 216–19, 329, 330–31, 342, 344, 361–62, 364–65, 415, 419–20, 549–52 See also Home Rule; See also unionism

Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)195–96, 197, 198–99, 208

Ne Temere119–20, 138, 220, 221–22, 291–92, 551

New Agexxxi–xxxii, 490–92, 562

New Religious Movementsxxxi, 370–71, 489
criticisms of491, 492–93, 494, 495–96, 497
and paganism516 See also faith healing; See also New Age

Newman, Cardinal John Henry27, 58, 91–92, 113

Nicholson, Rev William Patteson239–40, 445

Nixon, John W.170, 172

‘no religion’xxiii–xxiv, xxxii, 343, 345–46, 351–52, 371, 561–75
characteristics562
in Northern Ireland561, 573–75
in the Republic561–64

Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association173–74, 208, 454–55

Northern Ireland Housing Trust167–68, 206–7

Northern Ireland Labour Party166–67, 275–76

O’Connell, Danielxxv–xxvi, 6–7, 8–9, 22, 24–25, 26–27, 84, 116, 198

O’Donovan, Gerald107–8, 111, 117–18

O’Farrell, Sr Genevieve203–4, 207–8

Ó Fiaich, Archbishop Tomas459–60, 461, 462

O’Neill, Terence167–68, 173–74, 189, 208, 280, 437, 449–50

Orange Order549–50
in Free State / Republic218
in literature111, 113, 120
after 1968244, 442–43, 466
in nineteenth century5, 6, 11–12
and Northern Ireland state8–11, 165, 172, 174, 205, 208, 230, 242, 330–31, 416–17
and opposition to secular education in Northern Ireland168–69, 273, 275–76, 277–78

Orthodox Christianity (including Greek Coptic, Indian, Romanian, Russian)xxxi–xxxii, 350–51, 353, 357, 525, 530–32

O’Sullivan, John Marcus251–52, 253

overseas missionsxxvi, 45–47, 62–64, 95–96, 112, 223, 255

paganismxxxi–xxxii, 491–92, 505
in contemporary Ireland492–95
and creative expression516–17
definition of505–7
and landscape515–16
and relationship with Christianity507–8
sources for512–15
as a worldview510–12

Paisley, Ianxxviii–xxix, xxx–xxxi, 230–31, 329, 330–31, 435–50

and criticism of other Protestantsxxx–xxxi, 243, 244, 442–43, 444–45, 448, 473
and fundamentalism441–48
and opposition to Catholicism and republicanism443–44
and significance of religion to435–38 See also Democratic Unionist Party; See also Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster

Paisleyism See Democratic Unionist Party; See Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster; See Paisley, Ian

pandemic See COVID-19

paramilitaries / paramilitarismxxxi, 137, 422, 429, 448–49, 458, 463, 464, 466–67, 472–75, 477, 478–80, 481

parish missions36–37, 134, 180 See also Redemporists

Parnell, Charles Stewartxxv–xxvi, 11–12, 29–32

partitionxxiii, 149–50, 163–64, 195, 286

peacebuildingxxii, 471–85
and Catholic Church463–67
and churches427, 455–56, 457–58
and individual clergy472–73
after 1998481–84
and Protestant clergy455–59
and Society of Friends / Quakers472–73, 475–78
and women478–81
and women religious466–67, 472–73, 478–80 See also ecumenism; See also forgiveness; See also reconciliation and individual organisations

Pearse, Patrick15, 114–15, 250–51

Pentecostalismxxiv, 231, 234t, 357, 532, 533–34

Petrie, George109, 114, 545–46

philanthropy126–28, 135–36, 152, 201, 219–20 See also associational culture

pilgrimage79–80, 180–81, 364, 508, 546, 547–48, 549–50

pishogues76, 78–79

Plunket, Archbishop Lord William62–64

Plymouth Brethren See Brethren

Pope Francis’ visit to Ireland330, 389, 390

Pope John Paul II’s visit to Ireland191, 460

Presbyterians (Presbyterian Church in Ireland; other Presbyterian denominations are listed separately)
in Free State / Republic213, 215–17, 251, 256, 257–58, 353, 354t, 355, 357
and literature107–8, 109–10, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 120
in Northern Ireland164–65, 168–69, 174, 230, 232, 233t, 234–35, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243–45, 270–71, 273, 275, 277–78, 330–31, 355
numbers and distribution19–20, 53–56, 164–65, 215–16, 233t, 234–35, 325–26, 343, 353
and opposition to Home Rule31, 32, 163–64
before partition5, 10, 14, 21, 23–24, 27–28, 60–61, 130–31, 133
and Protestant unity6, 10, 14, 21, 60–64, 236–37
reform in nineteenth centuryxxvi, 58–59, 62–64
and science90–91, 93–94, 95–96, 97, 98

prostitution131–32, 135–36

Protestant fundamentalismxxviii–xxix, xxx–xxxi, 102–3, 173, 230, 244, 438–40, 441–47

Protestants
in Free State / Republicxxviii–xxix, 213–25, 343, 350–51, 365
and immigrant communities532–34
in nineteenth century53–67
in Northern Irelandxxviii–xxix, 230–45, 343
in Free State / Republic213–14, 416
in Ulster before partition56, 60
variety of67, 164–65, 232–34, 233t, 234t

public healthxxvii–xxviii, 81, 207 See also Mother and Child Scheme

Quakers See Society of Friends

Queen’s Colleges25, 27, 28–29, 63–64, 92–93, 95–96, 101–2

Queen’s University Belfast101–2, 207–8, 240–41, 272–73, 293, 424–25

Radio Éireann303–5
and the Catholic Church305–8
and the Protestant churches306

Radio Telefís Éireann156
as agent of religious change295–96, 316–19
and the Catholic Church310–13
and the Protestant churches313–14

rebellion of 17985, 21, 113, 116, 119, 127, 547, 549

reconciliationxxx, 208, 243, 244–45, 415, 421–28, 437–38, 446–47, 455–56, 464, 476–77, 478–79, 481–83, 551–52

Redemptorists372, 464–367

Redmond, John32, 196

Reformed Presbyterians58–59, 60, 63–64, 234t

regium donum21, 27–28

Reid, Fr Alec330–31, 459, 464–65, 466

Reid, Fr Desmond SJ295, 297–98

Reid, Rev James Seaton60–61, 108

religion, study ofxxiv–xxv

religious adherence
in Free State / Republic151, 190–91, 213, 214–16, 253, 257, 365–66, 561–62
in general325–28, 341–58
in the nineteenth century53–56, 55t
in Northern Ireland164–65, 232–34, 233t, 234t

religious discriminationxxx, 164, 175, 399–400, 416–17, 418

Repeal of Union See Union, Act of: Repeal of

respectability38–39, 40–41, 127–28, 132–35, 285, 286, 287–88, 366–68, 547–48

revival of 185915–16, 59, 62, 63–64, 110–11, 134, 232, 443

revival of religion33, 56–61, 239–41

Reynolds, Fr Gerry330–31, 422–23, 424, 464–65, 466

Rising, 1916xxiii, 13, 15, 32–33, 147–48, 200, 208, 250–51, 273

Robinson, Rev Thomas Romney91–92, 99–100

Rohan, Dorine296–97, 298

Rosary36–37, 42–43, 46, 79–80, 134–35, 180, 181, 200, 361, 544

Ryan Commission and Report (2009)258, 332–33, 381, 383, 390, 552

Ryan, Monsignor Arthur207–8, 310

sabbatarianism See Sunday observance

Sacred Heart49, 180–81, 191–92, 290, 361

St Mary’s College, Belfast277–78

St Vincent de Paul Society201, 203–4

Salvation Army54, 290

same-sex marriage See marriage

science and religionxxvi–xxvii, 89–90, 102–3

scientific naturalism89, 96–97, 98, 99–100, 102–3

Scientology See Church of Scientology

Second Reformation, Thexxv–xxvi, 20, 21–22, 65–66, 127, 203

Second World War171, 182, 206–7, 237, 241–42, 279

sectarian violence See violence and religion

sectarianismxxvi, 4, 64, 113, 171, 209, 282–83, 329, 415–30

secularisationxxi, 89, 282–83, 323–36, 345–46, 543–45, 552 See also no religion

secularismxxix, 72, 153, 214–15, 303, 408

sexual activity130–32

sexualityxxviii, 57–58, 124–25, 138–39, 238, 285–99, 294–99, 368–72

Shea, Patrick197, 205

Sheehan, Canon Patrick101, 107–8, 109, 111, 118

Sikhsxxxi–xxxii, 536

Simms, Archbishop George Otto224

Sinn Féinxxx–xxxi, 13, 16, 32–33, 147–49, 150, 196, 461, 462

Sisters of Mercy126, 156–57, 205–6, 317, 388–89

Sisters of Nazareth384, 389

Smyth, Brendan317, 398, 465–66

social justice156–57, 175, 237, 291, 294, 295–96, 472–73

Society of Friends / Quakersxxxi, 53–54, 55t, 128, 232–34, 234t, 427
and peacebuilding472–73, 475–78

Society of Jesus / Jesuits45–46, 133–34, 259

souperism25–26, 66, 67

Stokes, Professor George Gabriel94, 99–100

Stranmillis College, Belfast277–78

Student Christian Movement240–42

Sunday observance171, 184–85, 222, 236–37, 310, 397, 401, 446

Sunday schools20–21, 61, 127–28, 239

supernatural healing79–80, 81, 491, 514, 515–16

television See media

temperancexxvii–xxviii, 33, 44, 61–62, 126, 152–53, 184–85, 223–24, 236, 275, 287

Theosophy74, 496–97

Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin94, 100–1

Thurles, Synod of36–37, 42–43, 286

Tilson Case220, 291–92, 399

tithes19, 22, 23, 24

Tod, Isabella133, 136

Todd, Rev James Henthorn58, 60–61, 116

Tone, Theobald Wolfe3–4, 549–50

Transcendental Meditation498

Tridentine38–39, 83, 547–48

Trinity College, Dublin10–11, 28–29, 58, 62–63, 90, 91–92, 96, 101–2, 109, 115, 153–54, 218, 223, 255, 425, 427, 535–36, 545

The Troubles and religionxxiii, 156, 158, 191–92, 209, 231, 238–39, 243, 315, 329, 331–32, 419–20, 421, 423 See also peacebuilding; See also violence and religion, and individual denominations

Tuam Mother and Baby Home384, 385, 386–87

Tyndall, John93, 101–2

Ulster Protestant League170–72

Ulster Solemn League and Covenant (1912)15, 32, 67, 138, 163–64

Ulster Unionist Partyxxvii–xxviii, 164, 166, 169, 274, 449, 477

Ulster Women’s Unionist Council32, 137–38

Ultramontanismxxiii, 13–15, 26–27, 38–39, 38n.1, 44–45, 255

Union, Act ofxxii, 6–7, 57
and church-state relations19
repeal of6–7, 9–11, 14–15, 24–25

unionism and religionxxv–xxvi, xxvii–xxix, 4, 11, 13–14, 15–16, 163–76, 198, 208, 273, 319, 435–38 See also Home Rule: opposition to

Unitarians and Unitarianism53–54, 55t, 58–59, 60, 113–14, 234t

United Education Committee of the Protestant Churches166, 273, 274, 275–76, 277–78, 279

United Irishmen3–4, 5, 107–8, 113, 115–16, 119, see also Rebellion of 1798

University College Dublin101–2, 253

unmarried mothers131, 202, 288–89, 290, 298–99, 380, 384, see also Magdalene Laundries;, Mother and Baby Homes

Vatican and Irelandxxviii–xxix, 22, 145, 146, 150, 158, 272, 310–11, 461

Vatican Council, First14–15, 45–46

Vatican Council, Secondxxvii, 145, 156–57, 158, 180, 183, 185–87, 188–89, 207, 260–61, 314, 420–21, 424–25, 461, 478–79, 499
and ecumenism241–42, 243, 420–21
and education257, 260–61, 263–64
and impact on women189, 294, 295–96

Victoria Institute94–95, 96

Viney, Michael296, 298–99

violence and religionxxi, 5, 9, 33, 113, 551–52
and the Irish Revolution16, 147–50, 214–15
and partition195–96, 197, 235–36, 416
response of churches237, 422–23, 454–67, 471–73
during the Troubles237, 329, 416, 418, 421–23, 429, 443–44, 448–49 See also paramilitaries / paramilitarism

vocations
decline of156, 188–89, 362
rise of38, 45–47, 135, 152, 180, 184, 332

Waddell, Helen112, 120

wakes73, 125

Walsh, Archbishop William30, 31, 32–33, 83–84

Weir, Rev A.J.238, 474–75

Whately, Bishop Richard57–58, 110–11, 117

Whelan, Kevin40, 546

Whyte, John145, 146, 263

Wicca506–7

Wilde, Oscar74, 109, 113, 117

witches and witchcraft72, 75–79 See also Wicca

womenxxv, 15–16, 96, 156, 189, 327
criticising Catholic teaching156, 189–90, 294–99, 332, 362, 368
and the devotional revolution43–44, 46, 134–35
and evangelicalism20–21, 59, 126–28, 133, 134, 135–36
more religious than men326–27, 347–49, 353, 368, 490, 536–37
and overseas mission46, 63
and paganism492, 509
and peacebuildingxxii–xxiii, 458, 466–67, 478–81
and politics15–16, 17, 137–38, 175, 287–88
and popular beliefsxxii, 73, 75–76, 78–79, 82, 129 See also charms and charmers; See also witches and witchcraft
and Protestant church life221, 448
and science91–92, 96 See also gender; See also marriage; See also unmarried mothers

women religious (nuns and sisters)xxxi, 15–16, 23–24, 43–44, 45–46, 126, 133, 135, 156–57, 202–3, 364, 380, 466, 472–73, 478–80

World Council of Churches241–42, 243–45, 421–22, 442–43, 448

Yeats, William Butler7–8, 74, 113, 120, 224

yoga498–99