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Situating CHA as a Mode of Causal Research Situating CHA as a Mode of Causal Research
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Actual Causes: Case-Specific vs. General Actual Causes: Case-Specific vs. General
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Outcome-Centered and Cause-Centered Research Outcome-Centered and Cause-Centered Research
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Two Kinds of Counterfactuals Two Kinds of Counterfactuals
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Causal Chains and Actual Causal Mechanisms Causal Chains and Actual Causal Mechanisms
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Scope and Case Selection Scope and Case Selection
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Narrative Analysis Narrative Analysis
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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Notes Notes
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Causal Analysis in Comparative-Historical Analysis: A Pluralistic Approach
Get accessJames Mahoney is Gordon Fulcher Professor in Decision-Making, Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, and Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Sociology, Northwestern University
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Published:21 March 2024
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the logic of comparative-historical analysis (CHA). It begins by comparing CHA to other approaches concerned with causal analysis. CHA is a type of case-oriented research that is focused on both identifying particular actual causes in specific cases, and generalizing about actual causes within a well-defined scope. The chapter then considers how a concern with actual causation distinguishes CHA from those approaches that seek to identify the average causal effects of variables within large populations of cases. It looks at two kinds of CHA research questions (outcome-oriented and cause-oriented questions) and two kinds of CHA counterfactuals (cause-varying and context-varying counterfactuals). The chapter also explores the use of causal chains, mechanisms, and process tracing in CHA explanations. Finally, it addresses issues related to scope conditions and case selection, before examining narrative analysis by studying how case-specific narratives are linked to more general causal arguments.
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