
Contents
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Reformed Pietism Reformed Pietism
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Lutheran Pietism Lutheran Pietism
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Conclusion Conclusion
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About the Author About the Author
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Notes Notes
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Bibliography Bibliography
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5 German Pietism
Get accessJan Stievermann is Professor of the History of Christianity in the United States at Heidelberg University and Director of the Jonathan Edwards Center Germany. He has written books and essays on a broad range of topics in the fields of American religious history and American literature, including a comprehensive study of the theology and aesthetics of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Schoeningh, 2007) and Prophecy, Piety, and the Problem of Historicity: Interpreting the Hebrew Scriptures in Cotton Mather’s Biblia Americana (Mohr Siebeck, 2016). In the scholarly edition of the Biblia Americana manuscript, he is responsible for volumes 5 and 10 (the first came out in 2015, the other is scheduled for 2022), and he serves as the executive editor of the whole project. Among other multiauthored volumes, he co-edited A Peculiar Mixture: German-Language Cultures and Identities in Eighteenth-Century North America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013), Religion and the Marketplace in the United States (Oxford University Press, 2014), the Oxford Handbook of Jonathan Edwards (2021), and The Handbook of American Romanticism (2021).
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Published:21 September 2022
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Abstract
This chapter surveys, by way of important examples, the great plurality of German Pietism in various territories of the Holy Roman Empire and abroad, from the last third of the seventeenth to the last third of the eighteenth centuries. The focus is on the manifold relations between these different branches of Pietism and “awakened” individuals, movements, and undertakings associated with early evangelicalism in Britain and its colonies. Such relations came about either through migration, co-operations, or the cultivation of networks of correspondence and print exchange. Examples include theologians, reformers, groups, and projects connected with both Reformed and Lutheran state churches, such as the émigré pastor Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, who was directly involved in the Great Awakening, or the reception of Gerhard Tersteegen by German Pietists in the colonies but also the Wesley brothers. Special attention is paid to Halle Pietism and the Francke Foundation that had close ties with numerous reform and revival movements across the British Empire and (also by sending Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg) played a key role in the organization of American Lutheranism. Among the examples of radical Pietism examined in this chapter are Labadism and the Pietist Baptist groups that sought refuge in Pennsylvania and founded the Ephrata community. The chapter concludes by turning to the question of how, given these many entanglements, German Pietists and their Anglophone brethren viewed each other and interpreted their religious identities.
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