Figures

 A page of Measure for Measure from a copy of the First Folio in Bartlett’s teaching collection (GEN MSS 336, Box 7, folder 339, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University).  27

 Bartlett’s attempt to reverse-engineer a quarto sheet (using sticky tape) as it would have come off the press from an edition of An Interpretation of the Number 666 published in the 1640s (GEN MSS 336, Box 6, folder 308, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University).  28

 Reference for Margaret Coule reused as scratch paper by the bibliographer William Herbert. Loose in Andrew Maunsell, The First Part of the Catalogue of English Printed Bookes (1595), Rare Books 54169, The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.  57

 The title page of Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedie (1615). Public domain.  85

 Liber donorum, York Minster Library MS Inc 7-12, fo. 1r. Copyright Chapter of York. Reproduced by permission.  103

 The Holy Bible containing the Old Testament and the Neuu (London: Robert Barker, and by the assignes of John Bill, 1631), York Minster Library: shelf mark HOB XI.H.32, showing detail of Exodus 20. Copyright Chapter of York. Reproduced by permission.  114

 Jan van der Straet, Nova Reperta, plate 18: ‘Sculptura in aes’, engraving. Image courtesy Newberry Library (Case Wing folio Z 412.85).  250

 Jan van der Straet, Nova Reperta, plate 4: ‘Impressio librorum’, engraving. Image courtesy Newberry Library (Case Wing folio Z 412.85).  252

 Abraham Bosse, ‘The Engraver and Etcher’, etching. British Museum, R,8.16. Image courtesy the Trustees of the British Museum.  253

 Abraham Bosse, ‘The Intaglio Printers’, etching. British Museum, R,8.15. Image courtesy the Trustees of the British Museum.  254

 From Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises, or The doctrine of handy-works… (1677–83), plate 24, engraving. Image courtesy Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University (call no. UTT144 M68).  260

 Title page of Sir Thomas Elyot’s Castel of Helth (1539). This title page was reused fifty-five times between 1534 and 1624. 104.5 × 64.5 mm. (EPB/A/1999.) © Wellcome Library, London.  286

 View of Stonehenge from the 1610 edition of William Camden’s Britain, 252. This is a reuse of a plate by William Rogers from the 1600 Latin edition of Camden’s much reprinted work, with the faint pagination ‘219’ and with an English translation of the commentary added. Plate area 175 × 120 mm.  287

 The burning of Thomas Cranmer, from Foxe’s Actes and Monuments (1563). 130 × 180 mm. (Sel. 2.15b.) © Cambridge University Library.  289

 ‘The Martyrdome of a blinde man, and a lame man, at Stratford the Bowe’, from Foxe’s Actes and Monuments (1583 edn.). 107 × 70 mm. (SSS.9.2.) © Cambridge University Library.  290

 A forced march, a typical scene from Holinshed’s Chronicles (1577). 79 × 130 mm. (Peterborough D.11.5) © Cambridge University Library.  291

 William Hole, engraved portrait of George Chapman, from The Whole Works of Homer Prince of Poets (1616). 230 × 152 mm. (Dyce S Fol. 4896) © Victoria and Albert Museum.  293

 Willem or Magdalena van de Passe, Sir Nicholas Bacon, from Herωologia (1620). 162 × 123 mm.  294

 Richard Gaywood, ‘The Lady Elinor Temple’, from Sir Peter Temple’s Mans Master-piece (1658). 120 × 70 mm.  295

 Nisus killing Volscens, from Ogilby’s translation of Virgil’s Aeneid (1654), [446]. Etching by Wenceslaus Hollar after Francis Clein, dedicated to Thomas Hanson. 294 × 192 mm.  296

 The choir of St Paul’s Cathedral, from Dugdale’s History of St Paul’s Cathedral in London (1658). Etching by Wenceslaus Hollar, dedicated to Elias Ashmole. 318 × 223 mm.  299

 Vincent Laurensz van der Vinne, ‘Astrologia’, dedicated to Sir William Ducie (later Viscount Downe); plate for Richard Blome’s abortive work on the ‘Arts and Sciences’ (c.1665). 280 × 192 mm.  302

 A typical opening from Blome’s edition of Nicholas Fontaine’s History of the Old Testament, Extracted out of Sacred Scripture and Writings of the Fathers (1690), showing how each section of text is accompanied by a facing plate, in this case of the Judgement of Solomon. Engraving by Jan Kip after G. Freman, dedicated to Sir John Maynard. Plate size 335 × 205 mm. (From Rel.bb.69.4.) © Cambridge University Library.  303

 Conradus de Alemania, Concordiantiae Bibliorum ([Strassburg: Johann Mentelin, before 1475]), ISTC ic00849000. The Bodleian Libraries University of Oxford, Auct 1Q 1.20, part 4, [4d]5r. CC-BY-NC 4.0.  312

 Martin Marprelate, The Epistle ([East Molesey: Robert Waldegrave, 1588]), STC 17452. The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Douce PP 244 fo. 1v. CC-BY-NC 4.0.  317

 Martin Marprelate, The Epistle ([East Molesey: Robert Waldegrave, 1588]), STC 17452. The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Douce PP 2444. CC-BY-NC 4.0.  318

 Anthony Wood’s copy of Monmouth Degraded (1685). Bodleian Library MS Wood 417(140).  331

 The vale mans table (1589). © The Society of Antiquaries of London, Lemon 78.  334

 Poor-quality paper, possibly cording quires, in a copy of Urquhart’s Ekskybalauron (7–8). The text is printed on top of the wrinkles: note the catchword ‘The’ on the left and ‘within’ at the bottom of right-hand page. National Library of Scotland, L.C. 1457.  368

 Leaves from Guillame Morel, Verborum cum Graecis Gallicisque conjunctorum (London: for Richard Hutton, [1583]), marked up by Thomas Thomas for his own dictionary and used as endleaves in Zacharias Ursinus, Explicationum catecheticarum (Cambridge: Thomas Thomas, 1587). Henry E. Huntington Library, 89966 PF.  371

 A stab-stitched, waste-paper wrapper comprised of an unfolded and uncut sheet from Martin Finch, Animadversions Upon Sir Henry Vanes Book (London: for Joseph Barber, 1656). Thomas Plume Library, Plume Pamphlet 699.  374

 The life cycle of the early modern book in pieces. A reconfigured version of Darnton’s communications circuit, highlighting the production, circulation, and use of waste paper at each stage in the life cycle of the book.  378

 ‘The Book-sellars Shop’ from Orbis sensualium pictus (1659). C5525, N8v. Used by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License  386

 No-body, and some-body (1606). STC 18597 Copy 2, A2r. Used by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  388

 Detail from Ralph Treswell’s survey of Cheapside, 1585. Object reference 1880,1113.3516. Image courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.  389

 A bookshop with stall boards in Bologna, c.1640–c.1660. Detail of RP-P-2001-621, image courtesy of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam  391

 The frontage of a Bishopsgate bookshop from an engraving of 1736. Detail of Gough Maps volume 20, 29b. Image courtesy of the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, used under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.  393

 The interior of a Dutch bookshop, c.1607–78, including a binder at work on the left. Detail of RP-T-1884-A-290, image courtesy of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam  398

 Two street bookstalls in Whitehall, 1724, including one with a customer reading beneath the awning. Detail of Gough Maps 45, 92a. Image courtesy of the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, used under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.  401

 A bookstall in Stocks Market beside Cornhill, 1738. Detail of Gough Maps 19, 16a. Image courtesy of the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, used under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.  402

 Edward Stillingfleet, Origines Sacræ (London: R.W. for Henry Mortlock, 1663), shelfmark 27, 28. 00069. Courtesy of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen, Denmark.  415

 John Selden, Marmora Arundelliana (London: John Bill, 1629), shelfmark O 63-3320. Courtesy of Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Constantijn Huygens wrote his name on the title page.  421

 Baldassare Castiglione, The Courtier (London: John Wolfe, 1588), A2v–3. STC 4781. Huntington Library 99009. Image published with permission of The Huntington and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  449

 Paruus Catho (Westminster: Caxton, 1483), A2v–3. STC 4852. © British Library Board. Image published with permission of the British Library and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  452

 Elias Hutter, Sanctus Marcus (Nuremberg: s.n., 1600), A1v–2. STC 2792.7 © British Library Board. BL Shelfmark: Asia, Pacific & Africa 01902.d.22.(2.) Image published with permission of the British Library and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  454

 Thomas More, Von der wunderbarlichen Jnnsel Vtopia (Basel: Bebel, 1524), A2. Source library: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, 4 Pol.g. 162 d. Image published with the permission of the BSB (Daten für die Forschung).  455

 Ælfric, Abbot of Eynsham A Testimonie of Antiquitie (London: John Day, 1566), [B4v–5]. STC 159.5. Huntington Library 12965. Image published with permission of The Huntington and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  456

 Archaionomia (Londini: ex officina Joannis Daii, 1568), [L3r]–L.iiii. STC 15142. Huntington Library 62136. Image published with permission of The Huntington and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  457

 Thomas Watson, Hekatompathia (London: John Wolfe, 1588), Passion XXXVIII, [E3v]. STC 25118a. Huntington Library 79609. Image published with permission of The Huntington and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  458

 Thomas Watson, Hekatompathia (London: John Wolfe, 1588), Passions LXXXII and LXXXIII, [L1v-L2]. STC 25118a. Huntington Library 79609. Image published with permission of The Huntington and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  459

 Abraham Fraunce, Arcadian Rhetorike (London, Thomas Orwin, 1588), [I4v–I5]. STC 11338. Bodleian Library, Mal. 514 (2). Image published with permission of the Bodleian for academic use and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  461

 Théodore de Bèze, ‘Ad serenissimam Elizabetham…’ (London: Bishop and Newbery, 1588), s. sh. fol. (on vellum). STC 1999. © British Library Board. BL Shelfmark 74/K.T.C.7.b.6. Image published with permission of the British Library and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  466

 John Walker, ‘In optatum reditum…’ (London: Thomas Roycroft, 1660), s. sh. fol. Wing 393. © British Library Board. BL Shelfmark C.20.f.5.(56). Image published with permission of the British Library and ProQuest. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.  467

 Bindings, Deb Rindl, Area of a Triangle (1996), Times Square (2001), Counting Crows (2005).  514

 ‘3000 Errors’, title page, Isaac Keay, The Practical Measurer (1724).  516

 Unfolded folio leaf (fos. 16-19), Samuel Moreland, Vade Mecum [‘Playford’s Almanac’] (1749).  517

 Letter S, ABC of Bugs and Plants in a Northern Garden, by Judy Fairclough Sgantas (Vermont: Janus Press, 2012), copy 39/120, binding designed by Claire Van Vliet and executed by Audrey Holden. Reproduced with permission.  519

 Pressed plant, between pp. 404 and 405, John Gerard, Herball (1636).  521

 Annotated endpaper, John Evelyn, Sylva (1664).  522

 Gathering 7, Casey Gardner, Matter, Antimatter, and So Forth (Berkeley, CA: Set in Motion Press, 2013). Reproduced with permission.  524

 Volvelles, in Francesco Giuntini (trans.), La Sfera Del Mondo (Lyons, 1582), 74–75.  526

 John Milton, Paradise Lost: a poem in ten books (1669). By permission of Balliol College Library, Oxford (525 a 5).  589

 John Milton, Paradise Lost: a poem in ten books (1669). By permission of Balliol College Library, Oxford (525 a 5).  590

 Inserted and mended page in The Holy Bible, containing the Old Testament and the New (1578). By permission of the Bodleian Library, Vet A1.b.13.  592

 Thomas Cromwell’s erased coat of arms. The Byble in Englysh (1541), Bodleian Library, Bib. Eng. 1541 b.2.  595

 The Poetical Works of Mr. John Milton (1695). By permission of University College Library, Oxford (B.220.20 (2) ).  596

 Elizabeth I’s copy of the Geneva–Tomson New Testament (1578), Bod Arch. G e.48.  598

 ‘Place these two one upon another upon that page 315’. M Blundevile His Exercises (1636), Huntington Library 708329.  600

 Edmund Gunter, The description and vse of the sector (1624), Huntington Library 29076.  601

 Contents page to multi-text volume including works by John Webster, Edward Ravenscroft, Aphra Behn, and William Shakespeare. Balliol College Library, Oxford, 530 b 1.  602

 Tab reading ‘epilogue’ in Aphra Behn’s The Young King shows where the edge of this Sammelband used to be. Balliol Library, 530 b 1.  604

 Horn book, early seventeenth century (STC 13813.5). Reproduced by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library.  612

 Detail of Pepys ballad i. 78–79 as mounted in Pepys’s Volume I. By permission of the Pepys Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge.  614

 ‘It was a lover and his lass’, from Thomas Morley, The first booke of ayres. Or Little short songs, to sing and play to the lute, with the base viole (STC 18115.5), sig. B4v–C1. Reproduced by permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library.  620

 Chained folio book, Library of Merton College, Oxford. Photograph by J. W. Thomas. Reproduced by permission of Oxfordshire History Centre.  626

 Balliol College Library, shelfmark 915 b 4 A. Pamphlet stitched with three holes. Reproduced here by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford.  692

 Diagram of a typical Nicholas Crouch tract volume, showing the cover decoration and chain staple holes.  693

 Image of the books displayed fore-edge out. Reproduced here by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford.  697

 Example of a manuscript fore-edge marker. Balliol College Library, shelfmark 905 f 2. Reproduced here by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford.  698

 ‘This leaf is turned the wrong way. By the ignorance of the binder.’ Balliol College Library, shelfmark 910 I 4 (9). Reproduced here by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford.  699