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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. Education in the Early Nineteenth Century 2. Education in the Early Nineteenth Century
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3. Mid-Century Educational Norms 3. Mid-Century Educational Norms
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4. Educational Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century 4. Educational Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century
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5. Conclusion 5. Conclusion
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References References
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Further Reading Further Reading
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Notes Notes
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Free to Learn: Nineteenth-Century Women, the Philosophy of Education, and the Struggle for Equal Access to Education
Get accessDepartment of English, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Published:23 October 2023
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Abstract
The nineteenth-century was an era of profound cultural change, and the immense changes American and British women philosophers proposed to educational policy typify how class, race, and gender influenced the way children were educated. Studying how early nineteenth-century women philosophers such as Anna Laetitia Barbauld sought to expand girls’ education illuminates the mid-century struggle led by Anna Elizabeth Dickinson and other educational theorists to educate poor and orphaned children; similarly, considering the push to provide a quality education to workhouse children helps explain the late-century fight spearheaded by advocates such as Manella Bute Smedley for strong, government-sponsored universal education. Juxtaposing the push to expand education for all white citizens with the hard-fought expansion of education for Black Americans and indigenous people showcases the unique challenges faced by educators of color. Without African American philosophers like Sarah J. Woodson, educational philosophy would not be making the innovative changes it is making today.
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