
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Lucanian Philosophy (i): Aresas/Aesara Lucanian Philosophy (i): Aresas/Aesara
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Lucanian Philosophy (ii): Occelus and Eccelus Lucanian Philosophy (ii): Occelus and Eccelus
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Oscan/Messapian Philosophy Oscan/Messapian Philosophy
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Notes Notes
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References References
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1 Italic Pythagoreanism in the Hellenistic Age
Get accessPhillip Sidney Horky is Professor of Ancient Philosophy in the Department of Classics & Ancient History, Durham University . In addition to his Plato and Pythagoreanism (2013) and edited volume Cosmos in the Ancient World (2019), he is currently finishing a source book on Hellenistic and Post-Hellenistic Pythagoreanism. His next project is a book entitled The Philosophy of Democracy in Antiquity, for which he received a British Academy Mid-Career Fellowship (2022–2023). For the period 2023–2028, he will be working with Professor Edith Hall (Durham) on a major research project, funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), on Aristotle’s writing styles and their reception in antiquity.
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Published:22 March 2023
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Abstract
This chapter seeks to elucidate the nature of “Italic” philosophy as a correlate to Pythagorean philosophy in the Hellenistic era. It starts from a claim made in Cicero’s On Old Age (77–78), in which Cato the Elder refers to Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans as “practically our own countrymen,” who were once called “Italian philosophers.” It aims to complicate Cato’s claim by evaluating what “Italian” meant in the writings of Cicero and his contemporaries, considering issues of ethnicity, language, geography, and political ideology. It then turns to the surviving evidence of “Italian” philosophy after the second century BCE, in the fragments ascribed to the Lucanians Aesara/Aresas (On the Nature of the Human), Occelus (On Law, On the Nature of the Universe) and Eccelus (On Justice), as well as those of the Oscan/Messapian poet Ennius of Rudiae (Epicharmus). The chapter concludes by considering the dissolution of Pythagorean philosophy in Italy, and its replacement by Epicureanism, in the late second century BCE.
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