
Contents
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. Prelude: Liberalism and the German Path to Modernity 2. Prelude: Liberalism and the German Path to Modernity
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3. The 1920s as an Orientation Phase of early Ordoliberalism 3. The 1920s as an Orientation Phase of early Ordoliberalism
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4. From Orientation to Formation: The Founding Phase of Ordoliberalism 4. From Orientation to Formation: The Founding Phase of Ordoliberalism
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5. The Theoretical Foundation of Ordoliberalism in the 1930s and 1940s 5. The Theoretical Foundation of Ordoliberalism in the 1930s and 1940s
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6. Conclusion 6. Conclusion
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Bibliography Bibliography
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2 Historical Context of the Theoretical Formation: Weimar democracy, Weltwirtschaftskrise and the rise of National Socialism
Get accessRalf Ptak is Professor of Economic Education with a focus on economics and political economy at the University of Cologne. He has been researching the genesis of German neoliberalism and the Ordoliberal-inspired concept and narrative of the social market economy since the 1990s. He is, amongst other things, a member of the Alternative Economic Policy Working Group and the Plural Economics Network. His last publication (with Thomas Biebricher) was Soziale Marktwirtschaft und Ordoliberalismus zur Einführung (Junius-Verlag, 2020).
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Published:20 October 2022
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Abstract
In order to understand German neoliberalism, it is necessary to reflect on Germany’s path to liberal capitalism. It is in the course of this process that German liberalism gains its authoritarian and democracy-sceptical character, which also becomes the core of the founding Ordoliberal generation. The 1920s and especially the Great Depression of 1929–1932 are of decisive importance for the emergence of Ordoliberalism. In this phase, it emerged as an independent current, detached itself from the plural economic debates of the time, and interpreted the Great Depression as a policy failure of the democratic constitutional state. The early Ordoliberals, in line with the political right, seek limits to democracy and politics and develop the first rudiments of liberal interventionism. In the 1930s and 1940s, they then elaborate the theoretical foundations of an Ordoliberal economic and social concept.
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