
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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The Classical Twin Model The Classical Twin Model
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Structural Equation Modeling Structural Equation Modeling
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Assumptions of the Classical Twin Model Assumptions of the Classical Twin Model
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Generalizability Generalizability
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Random Mating Random Mating
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The Degree of Genetic Similarity Between MZ Twins The Degree of Genetic Similarity Between MZ Twins
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Equal Environments Equal Environments
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Genotype-Environment Interaction Genotype-Environment Interaction
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Genotype-Environment Correlation Genotype-Environment Correlation
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Extensions to the Classical Twin Model Extensions to the Classical Twin Model
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Sex Limitation Sex Limitation
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Liability Threshold Model Liability Threshold Model
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Including Data from Additional Family Members Including Data from Additional Family Members
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Multivariate Modeling Multivariate Modeling
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Common Pathway Model Common Pathway Model
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Independent Pathway Model Independent Pathway Model
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Cross-Sectional Cohort and Longitudinal Designs Cross-Sectional Cohort and Longitudinal Designs
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Causal Models Causal Models
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Latent Class Analysis Latent Class Analysis
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Twin Studies and Beyond Twin Studies and Beyond
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Summary Summary
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Author Note Author Note
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References References
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10 Twin Studies and Behavior Genetics
Get accessGabriëlla A.M. Blokland, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Psychology and Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Miriam A. Mosing, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Karin J.H. Verweij, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Sarah E. Medland, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Published:01 October 2013
Cite
Abstract
Twin studies and behavior genetics address the questions raised by the nature versus nurture debate. Their aim is to estimate the extent to which individual differences in complex traits or phenotypes result from genetic and environmental influences. The vast majority of human behaviors and characteristics are complex traits and are influenced by both genetic and environmental influences, as well as the interplay between these two. Based on the differing genetic relatedness of monozygotic co-twins and dizygotic co-twins, the classical twin model allows for an estimation of the relative importance of these etiological factors. The classical twin model can be extended in multiple ways, depending on the phenotype, research question, and research design. In addition to the classical twin methodology, several such extensions are described in this chapter.
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