
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Geology Geology
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Landscape and Topography Landscape and Topography
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Sources Sources
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Early History Early History
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Quarrying Locations Quarrying Locations
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United Kingdom United Kingdom
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Ireland Ireland
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France France
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France, Belgium, and Luxembourg—the Ardennes Slate Industry France, Belgium, and Luxembourg—the Ardennes Slate Industry
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Germany Germany
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Italy Italy
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Spain and Portugal Spain and Portugal
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Czech Republic Czech Republic
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Switzerland Switzerland
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Norway and Sweden Norway and Sweden
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USA USA
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Canada Canada
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Brazil Brazil
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India India
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China China
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Australia Australia
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Working the Quarries Working the Quarries
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Extraction and Tipping Extraction and Tipping
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Processing Processing
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Power Systems Power Systems
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Pumping Pumping
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Internal Movement Internal Movement
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Transport Transport
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Settlement Settlement
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Technology Transfer Technology Transfer
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Heritage Management and Conclusions Heritage Management and Conclusions
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References References
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5 Slate Production
Get accessDavid Gwyn is an independent archaeologist, historian, and heritage consultant.
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Published:20 April 2022
Cite
Abstract
The adoption of industrialized processes and the growth of urbanization in the nineteenth century increased the demand for slate, which could be used as a lightweight, practical, and inexpensive roofing material, as well as to produce writing elements (school slates and blackboards), and as architectural components. Though slate is often assumed to be a distinctively Welsh industry, it was quarried and processed in many different parts of the world throughout the industrial period. Its weight-to-cost ratio meant that it could be, and often was, distributed globally, with Welsh slate used, for example, to roof early buildings in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. This chapter focuses on the archaeology of the slate industry in Europe with reference to the Americas, Australia, and China. It provides an overview of the extraction processes, power systems, pumping, transport infrastructure, and associated settlements during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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