
Contents
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34.1 Introduction 34.1 Introduction
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34.2 Formant Frequencies of Vowels in Isolated Syllables 34.2 Formant Frequencies of Vowels in Isolated Syllables
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34.3 Formant Frequencies of Vowels in Continuous Speech 34.3 Formant Frequencies of Vowels in Continuous Speech
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34.4 Discussions and Summary 34.4 Discussions and Summary
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34.4.1 Relationship Between Vowel Formant Frequencies and Tongue Positions 34.4.1 Relationship Between Vowel Formant Frequencies and Tongue Positions
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34.4.2 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Gender 34.4.2 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Gender
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34.4.3 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Speech Modes 34.4.3 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Speech Modes
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34.4.4 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Dialects 34.4.4 Vowel Formant Frequencies Across Dialects
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34.4.5 Summary 34.4.5 Summary
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Further Reading Further Reading
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References References
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34 Vowel Distribution in Isolated and Continuous Speech: The Case of Cantonese and Mandarin
Get accessShi, Feng (石锋) is Professor at the Institute of Linguistics, Naikai University and the Institute of Language Pathology and Brain Science, Beijing Language and Culture University. His major areas of research are in experimental linguistics, language evolution and language acquisition.
Gang Peng (彭刚) is Research Associate Professor at the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages and Deputy Director of the Joint Research Centre for Language and Human Complexity at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. His primary research interests are in language evolution and variation, engineering aspects of language, psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics, with a specific focus on lexical tones.
Liu, Yi (劉藝) is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Her areas of scholarship are in dialectology, lexicology, experimental phonetics and language teaching.
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Published:05 May 2015
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Abstract
Height and frontness are two important parameters of articulation of vowels. It is well established that vowel height is inversely correlated to the frequency value of the first formant (F1)—the lower the vowel, the higher the F1 frequency—and that frontness is positively correlated to the value of the second formant (F2)—the fronter the vowel, the higher the F2 frequency. This chapter reports surveys on the formant frequencies of vowels in two major Chinese dialects, Hong Kong Cantonese and Mandarin. It consolidates this understanding by analyzing vowels embedded in isolated syllables and in continuous speech. It also points out that lowering the tongue further by opening the mouth wider is a key aspect of cross-dialectal differences in vowel acoustic spaces between Cantonese and Mandarin, and vowel reduction in continuous speech is mainly realized by reducing vowel backness.
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