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Religious unity in the making Religious unity in the making
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Catholic Church and liberal state: between conflict and convergence Catholic Church and liberal state: between conflict and convergence
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The first secular challenge The first secular challenge
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Catholic dictatorships Catholic dictatorships
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Democracy, secularization, and religious pluralism Democracy, secularization, and religious pluralism
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Works cited Works cited
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42 Spain and Portugal
Get accessJulio de la Cueva is Associate Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Castilla-La Mancha. His latest publications include: as co-editor (with Feliciano Montero and Joseba Louzao) La historia religiosa de la España contemporánea: balance y perspectivas (Universidad de Alcalá, 2017); and as co-editor (with Miguel Hernando de Larramendi and Ana Planet) Encrucijadas del cambio religioso en España. Secularización, cristianismo e islam (Comares, 2018). He is the President of the Spanish Association for Contemporary Religious History (AEHRC).
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Published:08 December 2021
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Abstract
The modern religious history of Spain and Portugal begins with the religious unity between the state and society forged around Catholicism, and ends with the present era epitomized by ongoing secularization and incipient religious pluralism. With some difficulty, the Catholic Church adapted to the trials posed by nineteenth-century liberalism, reaching an accommodation with the constitutional monarchies in both Iberian countries. The first serious challenge came with the arrival of the republics in Portugal in 1910 and in Spain in 1931. The republics did not last long, however; two Catholic dictatorships governed the fate of the Peninsula until the 1970s, though separation of church and state was formally maintained in Portugal. The dictatorships ended in 1974 and 1975, respectively, giving way to the establishment of new democracies, accompanied on the one hand by secularization in both the state and society, and on the other by growing religious pluralism.
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