
Contents
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Introduction and Sources Introduction and Sources
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Upper Nubia before Kush: The Egyptian Old Kingdom Upper Nubia before Kush: The Egyptian Old Kingdom
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The Emergence of Kush The Emergence of Kush
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The First Empire of Kush in the Second Intermediate Period The First Empire of Kush in the Second Intermediate Period
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Kushites and Egypt Kushites and Egypt
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Kushite Public Art Kushite Public Art
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Kush and the Horse Kush and the Horse
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The World of the Kushite Empire and the Beginning of the End The World of the Kushite Empire and the Beginning of the End
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The Legacy of Old Kush The Legacy of Old Kush
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Abbreviation Abbreviation
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Notes Notes
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References Cited References Cited
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10 Kush in the Wider World During the Kerma Period
Get accessBruce Beyer Williams is Research Associate at the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw.
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Published:13 January 2021
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Abstract
The culture that emerged at Kerma in the mid-3rd millennium bce rapidly spread as far north as the Second Cataract and to the south where upstream it affected the contemporary culture of the Fourth Cataract. By the time of the Egyptian 6th Dynasty, ca. 2400 bce, the northern area was united under one ruler. After Egypt took control of Lower Nubia from a brief dynasty who styled themselves as pharaohs, Kush was a rival, subject to repeated campaigning, and the proximate cause of a huge fortification complex the Egyptians built at the Second Cataract. Sometime after 1750 bce Kush became supreme, first in northern Nubia, then the area of the Fourth Cataract, becoming a multi-ethnic empire. Kush allied with the Hyksos, then ruling northern Egypt, and led troops from as far as the Horn of Africa to campaign into Egypt. Resurgent Egypt gave priority to campaigns against Kush, subjugating it completely by or shortly after 1500 bce, but Kush had led the way toward political unity and pharaonic culture in Nubia that would endure.
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