
Contents
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History of Research History of Research
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Origins Origins
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A Pastoral Way of Life A Pastoral Way of Life
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Forging an Ethnic Identity Forging an Ethnic Identity
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The Cemeteries The Cemeteries
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The Pottery The Pottery
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Personal Decoration Personal Decoration
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Encounters with Egypt Encounters with Egypt
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Egyptian Caravans Egyptian Caravans
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Political Unification in Lower Nubia Political Unification in Lower Nubia
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Climate Change and Political Upheavals Climate Change and Political Upheavals
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Mercenaries in Egypt Mercenaries in Egypt
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Trade and Prosperity Trade and Prosperity
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The Obscure Kings of Lower Nubia The Obscure Kings of Lower Nubia
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Occupied by Egypt Occupied by Egypt
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Between Egypt and Kush Between Egypt and Kush
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Acculturation Acculturation
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References Cited References Cited
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9 The C-Group People in Lower Nubia: Cattle Pastoralists on the Frontier between Egypt and Kush
Get accessHenriette Hafsaas, Volda University College
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Published:13 January 2021
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Abstract
This article reviews the research on the C-Group people—inhabitants of Lower Nubia between 2500 and 1500 bce. The C-Group people were cattle pastoralists of multiple origins that formed their ethnic identity after contact with Egyptians. Interethnic relations between the Egyptians and the C-Group people are examined in a diachronic perspective that sorts out periods of both peaceful exchange and violent conflict. The article also emphasizes the impact that C-Group men working as mercenaries in Egypt had on political development in Lower Nubia when they returned. The C-Group people’s neighbors in the south was the Kerma people. They established a kingdom called Kush around 2000 bce, and their relations with the Egyptians affected the C-Group people. In the last phase of their history, the C-Group people were trapped between Egypt and Kush—two states rivalling for supremacy on the Nile. The C-Group people’s solution was an alliance with Egypt and acculturation to become Egyptians.
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