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Key Points Key Points
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The Whys and Wherefores of Spatial Development The Whys and Wherefores of Spatial Development
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Two Kinds of Spatial Skill and Their Evolutionary Significances Two Kinds of Spatial Skill and Their Evolutionary Significances
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Navigation Navigation
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Tool Making Tool Making
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Navigation and Tool Use in the Modern World Navigation and Tool Use in the Modern World
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Spatial Skill in the Structure of Human Intellect Spatial Skill in the Structure of Human Intellect
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The Practical Significance of Spatial Skill The Practical Significance of Spatial Skill
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Section Summary Section Summary
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The Whats of Spatial Development The Whats of Spatial Development
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Why Two Lines of Development? Why Two Lines of Development?
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Prior Efforts to Characterize Spatial Skill Prior Efforts to Characterize Spatial Skill
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Characterizing Navigation Characterizing Navigation
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Section Summary Section Summary
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The Nature of Normative Development in Early Spatial Behavior The Nature of Normative Development in Early Spatial Behavior
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Object Representations Object Representations
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Questions About a Core System of Object Representations Questions About a Core System of Object Representations
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Mental Rotation Mental Rotation
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Environmental Representations Environmental Representations
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Core Knowledge About Geometry? Core Knowledge About Geometry?
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Beyond Core Knowledge of Geometry to an Adaptive Combination Approach Beyond Core Knowledge of Geometry to an Adaptive Combination Approach
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Space and Number Space and Number
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Section Summary Section Summary
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Spatial Symbols and Spatial Development Spatial Symbols and Spatial Development
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Language Language
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Language and Object Representation Language and Object Representation
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Language and Spatial Relations Language and Spatial Relations
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Comparative and Developmental Perspectives on the Relation Between Language and Thought Comparative and Developmental Perspectives on the Relation Between Language and Thought
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Describing Spatial Relations Describing Spatial Relations
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Section Summary Section Summary
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Maps Maps
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Developing Understanding of Maps and Models Developing Understanding of Maps and Models
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Beyond the Preschool Years Beyond the Preschool Years
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Cognitive Consequences of Map Use Cognitive Consequences of Map Use
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Gesture Gesture
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Research on the Development of Gesture Use Research on the Development of Gesture Use
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Section Summary Section Summary
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How to Use What We Know How to Use What We Know
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Direct Spatial Training Direct Spatial Training
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Informal Learning Informal Learning
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Spatializing the Existing Curriculum Spatializing the Existing Curriculum
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Integrative Science Approaches Integrative Science Approaches
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Summary Summary
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Questions for Future Research Questions for Future Research
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Notes Notes
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References References
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20 Spatial Development
Get accessNora S. Newcombe, Department of Psychology, Temple University
David H. Uttal, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Megan Sauter, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
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Published:16 December 2013
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Abstract
This chapter is a selective review of spatial development, stressing several points. First, we suggest that spatial development can be usefully considered to have two strands: (a) the development of intraobject (or intrinsic) representations along with the ability to transform them (e.g., in mental rotation) and (b) the development of interobject (or extrinsic) representations and the ability to use them to navigate. Second, we argue that both lines of development begin from strong starting points, but also undergo considerable development. They are far from innately specified, nor do they have a modular architecture. Third, we discuss the amplification of spatial skills by human symbolic capabilities, including language, use of maps and models, and gesture. Fourth, we identify areas where research is lacking, most notably the formal description of intraobject skills and the charting of their normative development, the exploration of the sources of individual differences in navigation-relevant skills, and the applications of research to education.
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