
Contents
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Prelude to separation Prelude to separation
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Hicksite and orthodox Hicksite and orthodox
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Hicksites, 1830–1860 Hicksites, 1830–1860
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Orthodox Friends, 1830–1860 Orthodox Friends, 1830–1860
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Hicksite Friends, 1860–1887 Hicksite Friends, 1860–1887
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Gurneyite Friends, 1860–1887 Gurneyite Friends, 1860–1887
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Summary Summary
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Suggested further reading Suggested further reading
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4 Hicksite, Orthodox, and Evangelical Quakerism, 1805–1887
Get accessThomas D. Hamm received his Ph.D. in history from Indiana University in 1985. He is professor of history and director of special collections at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, where he has been on the faculty since 1987. He has written and published extensively on Quakerism since 1800. His first book was The Transformation of American Quakerism: Orthodox Friends, 1800-1907 (Indiana University Press, 1988). His most recent is an edited volume, Quaker Writings, 1650-1920, published by Penguin Classics in 2011. His current project is a study of Hicksite Friends from 1827 to 1900.
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Published:16 December 2013
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Abstract
Between 1805 and 1887 Quakerism expanded and fractured. Friends responded differently to the evangelical and liberal currents in the larger religious world. American Friends divided first into Orthodox and Hicksite bodies in 1827–8. In the 1840s and 1850s Progressive Friends split off from the Hicksites, while Orthodox Friends split into Gurneyites and Wilburites. Westward migration carried American Friends to the Pacific coast, while British Friends began home missions to provide education and religious instruction to the working classes. After 1870, radical changes took place among the Gurneyite majority in North America, as they became swept up in revivalism and pastoral ministry. While sharing a commitment to evangelicalism, British Friends drew the line at these innovations. And, in response, liberal currents began to stir among the Gurneyite majority.
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