
Contents
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Scope And Methodology Scope And Methodology
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The Early Iron Age (ca. 1130–1050 bce) The Early Iron Age (ca. 1130–1050 bce)
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The Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries bce The Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries bce
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The First Half of the Ninth Century bce The First Half of the Ninth Century bce
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The End of the Ninth and Eighth Centuries bce Until the Assyrian Conquest The End of the Ninth and Eighth Centuries bce Until the Assyrian Conquest
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Phoenicians and the Levant Under the Early Empires, Seventh and Sixth Centuries bce Phoenicians and the Levant Under the Early Empires, Seventh and Sixth Centuries bce
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The Achaemenid Period—An Outlook The Achaemenid Period—An Outlook
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References References
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30 The Levant
Get accessBen-Gurion University
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Published:12 August 2019
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Abstract
Although the Phoenicians are foremost associated with maritime trading in the Mediterranean, their economy was also firmly connected with their immediate neighbors in the Levant. With only few exceptions, the Phoenicians did not politically expand into their neighboring territories and confined their involvement to economic exchange. Their interactions with the Levant intensified after the late tenth century bce and culminated in the eighth and seventh centuries bce. This extraordinary development was followed by a devastating crisis in the neo-Babylonian period during the sixth century bce. The Phoenician economy of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and Arwad emerged from this nadir in a remarkable rise during the Achaemenid period, regaining and even surpassing its earlier economic growth and cultural influence in the region.
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