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Recent Themes and Directions Recent Themes and Directions
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Labour Variability and Flexibility Labour Variability and Flexibility
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Household Organization and Activity Areas Household Organization and Activity Areas
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Tools and Tool-kits Tools and Tool-kits
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Harvesting, Processing, and Asymmetries of Power? Harvesting, Processing, and Asymmetries of Power?
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Future Directions for Research Future Directions for Research
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Gendered Landscapes: Rethinking the Sexual Division of Labour Gendered Landscapes: Rethinking the Sexual Division of Labour
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Accessing Cosmological and Sacred Power Accessing Cosmological and Sacred Power
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Socializing Gender: Children in Hunter-Gatherer Society Socializing Gender: Children in Hunter-Gatherer Society
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Probing Personality and Politics: Sex and Temperament or Life History? Probing Personality and Politics: Sex and Temperament or Life History?
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Alternative Gender Roles Alternative Gender Roles
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Political and Colonial Transformations of Gendered Identities Political and Colonial Transformations of Gendered Identities
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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60 Hunter-Gatherer Gender and Identity
Get accessRobert Jarvenpa is Professor of Anthropology and former chair of the Department of Anthropology at the University at Albany, SUNY.
Hetty Jo Brumbach is Associate Curator of Anthropology at the University at Albany, SUNY and Research Associate at the New York State Museum.
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Published:01 July 2014
Cite
Abstract
Genetic and archaeological evidence indicates that South Asia was one of the world's most densely populated geographic regions in the Late Pleistocene. Genetic coalescence ages point to the colonization of the region by Homo sapiens between 70,000 and 50,000 years ago, corresponding with the Middle Palaeolithic stone tool industry. Middle Palaeolithic occupations occur prior to the Toba volcanic super-eruption of 74,000 years ago, suggesting Homo sapiens may have reached South Asia earlier. Populations emerging from Africa may have used coasts and transcontinental routes to disperse across the Indian Ocean rim. Indigenous South Asian hunter-gatherers survived the Toba super-eruption, and adapted to environmental changes across the Late Pleistocene. About 35,000-30,000 years ago, new cultural innovations appear that correspond with environmental deterioration, habitat fragmentation, and demographic increase. Lifestyles of foraging populations became increasingly heterogeneous during the Holocene. During the Middle and Late Holocene, foraging populations coexisted alongside complex urbanized state-level societies
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