
Contents
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I.1 Roman Perceptions of Barbarians I.1 Roman Perceptions of Barbarians
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I.2 Barbarians in Literature I.2 Barbarians in Literature
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I.3 Barbarians and Roman Law I.3 Barbarians and Roman Law
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I.4 Diplomacy: Barbarians between Hostility and Cooperation I.4 Diplomacy: Barbarians between Hostility and Cooperation
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I.5 Barbarians and the Forces of Nature I.5 Barbarians and the Forces of Nature
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I.5.i Geographical Determinism I.5.i Geographical Determinism
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I.5.ii Astral Determinism I.5.ii Astral Determinism
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I.6 Alternative Christian Views I.6 Alternative Christian Views
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I.7 Christianity and the Barbarians I.7 Christianity and the Barbarians
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II.1 New Roles for Barbarians in Modern History II.1 New Roles for Barbarians in Modern History
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II.2 Migration II.2 Migration
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II.2.i Romans on Migrations II.2.i Romans on Migrations
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II.2.ii Archaeology, Migration, and German Nationalism II.2.ii Archaeology, Migration, and German Nationalism
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II.2.iii Current Historical Interpretations II.2.iii Current Historical Interpretations
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II.3 Ethnogenesis II.3 Ethnogenesis
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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Works Cited Works Cited
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2 Barbarians: Problems and Approaches
Get accessMichael Maas is Professor of History and Classical Studies at Rice University
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Published:21 November 2012
Cite
Abstract
This article examines Roman approaches to the barbarians in terms of history writing, diplomacy, science, and law. It then describes how Christianity after Constantine influenced all of these approaches, changing the Roman understanding of their relation to barbarians. Next, it considers how historians from the eighteenth century to the present have explained the Roman-barbarian relationship in Late Antiquity. Their interpretations of barbarians were primarily influenced by the pressing issues of their own time, including Gibbons' Enlightenment concern with the social progress of humankind, the pressures of developing nationalism in nineteenth century Germany, and reactions to both of these approaches in the twentieth century, especially after the Nazi era.
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