The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics
Published online:
07 November 2018
Published in print:
25 October 2018
Online ISBN:
9780191842467
Print ISBN:
9780198804307
Contents
End Matter
Index
-
Published:October 2018
Annotate
Cite
'Index', in Carl Levan, and Patrick Ukata (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics, Oxford Handbooks (2018; online edn, Oxford Academic, 7 Nov. 2018), https://doi.org/, accessed 11 May 2025.
Subject
Politics
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Handbooks Online
Index
Tables and figures are indicated by an italic t and f following the page number, end of chapter notes are indicated by a letter n between page number and note number.
- 1995 constitution264
- 1999 constitution
- democracy and federalism432
- development of185–6
- freedom of religion245
- immunity clause307–8
- local governments683
- separation of powers doctrine302
- Abacha, Sani175, 184–5, 192, 264, 279, 292, 293, 361, 379, 398–401, 422, 435, 458, 511–12, 672–3, 721–2
- Aba Women’s Association110
- Abayomi, Oyinkan116
- Abba-Aji, Muhammad593
- Abdulahi, A.90
- Abdulganiyu, Ibrahim590
- Abdullah, H.116
- Abdullahi, G.572
- Abdullahi, U. S.687
- Abeokuta Ladies’ Club85
- Abia State Vigilante Services654
- Abiola, Kudirat279
- Abubakar, Alhaji Ahmadu673
- Abubakar, Rabe282
- Abulfathi, Ahmad593
- Abulfathi, Aliyu593
- Aburi Accord625–6
- Abyssinia703
- Academic Associates PeaceWorks378
- Acemoglu, D.67
- ACF See Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF)
- Achebe, Nwando57
- ACN See Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN)
- AD See Alliance for Democracy (AD)
- Adam, Alhaji Kambar590
- Adam, Mohammad Awwal594
- Adamo, David T.728
- Adams, John50
- Adamu, Martin624
- Adebayo, Cornelius97
- Adeboye, Enoch Adejare737–9
- Adedibu, Lamidi362
- Adekunle, Julius731
- Ademola, Adetokunbo704
- Ademoyega, Adewale622
- Ademulegun, Sam621
- Adeosun, Kemi483
- Afigbo, A. E.572
- African Churches Mission57
- African Civil Service and Technical Workers’ Union (ACSTWU)707
- African Communities League702
- African Development Bank537
- African Mail52
- African National Congress (ANC)721
- African Peer Review Mechanism723
- African Summit on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Other Related Infectious Diseases549
- African Union Commission723
- Afrobarometer194
- Afrocentrism715
- AG See Action Group (AG)
- Agagu, A. A.212
- Agbebi, Akinbami702
- Agbebi, Mojola94
- Agbinigbo, Murdock636
- Agbola, J. O280
- Agricultural and Allied Workers Union of Nigeria399t
- Ahmad, Mohammed573
- AIDS See HIV/AIDS
- AIDS Relief Consortium551
- air pollution, indoor160n1
- Aiyede, E. R.213
- Ajayi, Ade585
- Ajayi, M. O.213
- Akinleye, Akintunde463
- Akinola, Peter57
- Akinyemi, Bolaji721
- Akitoye77
- Akogwu, Enenche597
- Akpolobokemi, Patrick647
- Akpo oil field746
- Akunyili, Dora470n13
- Alaje, P.755
- Alam, M.445
- Al Azhar University, Egypt709
- Albert, Olawale328
- alkali courts702
- Alliance for Credible Elections (ACE)340
- Alliances of Africa463
- Alli, Chris283
- All Progressives Congress (APC)224, 347, 348, 352, 351–4t, 357, 359, 363, 382, 383, 430, 516–17, 535
- Al-Rasheed, M.452
- Alsan, M.37
- Alternative Voting (AV) systems429
- Aluko, Kola535
- Amina462
- Amina, Queen of Zazzau Emirate106
- ammunition store explosion275
- Anderson, B. L.66
- Andrade, Susan Z.130
- Andrae, G.394
- Anglican Church Missionary Society51
- Anglo–Aro War93
- Anjorin, A. O.571
- Ankrah, J. A.626
- Anozie, Isiah36
- ANPP See All Nigeria People’s Party (ANPP)
- Ansar al-Dine608
- Anstey, R.65–6
- anticolonial imagination in Nigerian novels
- anticolonial nationalism See nationalism
- anticorruption efforts288–300, 514–15, 534–5
- Niger Delta amnesty program and647
- prosecutions of politicians and officials294–6
- prosecutions of scammers294
- Anyim, Anyim Pius268
- APC See All Progressives Congress (APC)
- Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa732
- APP See All People’s Party (APP)
- Arabic education708–9
- area court system240–1
- Arewa Citizens Action for Change674
- Arewa Peoples Congress250
- Arewa Students Forum674
- Arewa Youth Consultative Forum674
- Arewa Youth Development Foundation674
- ART See antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Asamoah-Gyadu, J. Kwabena733
- Ashafa, Mallam Mohammed608
- Asika, Anthony Ukpabi628
- Assemblies of God Church732
- Atabor, A.90
- Atlantic Christian movements48–52
- Atlantic Energy535
- AU See African Union (AU)
- Audu, Ishaya631
- Augusto, Bode231
- autochthony670
- AWU See Abeokuta Women’s Union (AWU)
- Awwal Gombe, Mohammed598
- Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi86, 95–6, 98–9, 376, 621, 623, 627, 631, 675, 701, 704, 705, 707, 708, 709–10
- Al-Azm, Sadik568
- Babalakin, Bolarinwa329
- Babangida, Ibrahim
- military rule97, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182–4, 192, 264, 276, 279, 292, 379, 382, 396–8, 437, 511, 632–3, 672–3, 674
- People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and355
- presidential ambitions420
- Baba, Y.90
- Bakassi Boys658
- Bakht-er-Ruda Institute of Education709
- Balewa, Abduljelili Tafawa359
- Balogun, Layi362
- Balogun, Lekan362
- Balogun, Tafa294–5
- al-Banna, Hassan591
- Barclays Bank720
- Barkindo, Bawuro25
- al-Barnawi, Abu Musab611
- al-Barnawi, Shekau590
- Battle of Imagbon92
- Bauchi, Abdul Aziz594
- BBC722
- BBOG See BringBackOurGirls (BBOG) movement
- Beblawi, H.526
- Beckles, H.66
- Beecroft, John77
- Bello, Mahmud Kanti269
- Bello, Mohammed (Justice)244
- Bello, Muhammad (Sultan of Sokoto)23
- Belmokhtar, Mokhtar609
- Benin Expedition (1897)93
- Berg Report (1981)144
- Berman, B. J.105
- Bhabha, Homi127
- Biafra bill of rights433
- Biafra Foundation434
- Biafran secession See Nigerian Civil War and Biafran secession
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation547
- Biobaku, Saburi O.675
- Bismarck, Otto von92
- Blackburne, K. W.623
- Blackburn, G. A.161n5
- Black Star Line Corporation702
- bloggers468
- “blue pencil rule”310
- Blundo, G.290
- Blyden, Edward Wilmot93
- Board of Internal Revenue202
- Bodea, C.484
- body marks29–30
- Boko Haram insurgency100, 276, 469, 574, 576, 577, 583–601, 605–15, 652
- attacks on Christian churches597–8
- development of Salafi community591–4
- development of violent extremism470n13
- financing of612
- Kanamma commune589–90
- loss of life685
- military defeat594–5
- regional expansion606–7
- regional humanitarian repercussions613–15
- rejection of heretical beliefs592
- religious complexity of Nigeria and585–9
- Borishade, Babalola231
- Boyloaf646
- Bracking, S.753
- Braide, Garrick Sokari52–3
- Braide movement52–3
- BringBackOurGirls (BBOG) movement465
- Britain See colonial period; See United Kingdom
- British–Ijebu War92
- British Labour Party98
- British Petroleum720
- British West African Congress (1920)710
- Buhari, Muhammadu441, 460, 634
- civil society and383
- executive dominance under266
- foreign policy723
- Igbo marginalization and434
- inauguration speech423n3
- Independence Day438–9
- Niger Delta amnesty program and647
- oil and gas industry750
- restructuring and437
- trade unions and396
- Bunduri, Uthman570
- Bureau of Public Enterprises747
- Burke, M.144
- Bush, George W.551
- Byfield, J. A.112
- Cameroons campaign701
- Canaancity737
- Canair Relief Programme56
- Capital Gains Tax200
- Capital Gains Tax Act (2004)200
- Caribbean65–6
- Casely-Hayford, Joseph702
- Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria (CBCN)374–5
- cavalry40–2
- CD See Campaign for Democracy (CD)
- Central African Republic613
- centralized states, precolonial period37–9
- Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD)463
- Cheeseman, N.484
- Chigbue, Irene747
- Chikwendu P. N.90
- China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC)748
- Chiroma, Ali397
- Choba rape atrocity461
- Cho, David Yonggi738–9
- Christ Army Church53
- Christian Council of Nigeria55
- Christianity See Nigerian Christianity
- Christian–Muslim conflict681–2
- Church of Christ in Nigeria594
- Cipla549
- citizenship See indigeneity and citizenship
- Civil Liberties Organisation (CLO)378
- civil–military relations273–85
- depoliticization and reform military274–5
- legacy of militarism276–7
- military as the custodian of Nigeria’s national unity283
- military influence in People’s Democratic Party354–5
- military’s relations with civil society282–3
- Niger Delta insurgency and277–9
- ongoing military influence283–5
- soft power, new emphasis on282–3
- subordination of military to civilian authority273–6
- transitional justice279–80 See also democratic transitions
- Civil Service Technical Workers Union of Nigeria (CSTWUN)399t
- civil society369–84
- coalition with trade unions402
- corruption pressures377
- demands for redistribution535–6
- democracy building and381–4
- Hegel’s model370
- media376–7
- Middle Sphere perspective370
- military’s relations with282–3
- oil and gas industry and145
- restructuring advocacy436
- student unions375
- traditional institutions371, 371t, 372–3 See also non-governmental organizations (NGOs); See also trade unions
- civil wars
- Benin Kingdom44 See also Nigerian Civil War and Biafran secession
- CJTF See Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF)
- Clark, Edwin358
- Clark, J. P.620
- Clinton Foundation552
- CMS See Church Missionary Society (CMS)
- CNPC746
- Coelho, M.69
- Cold War179
- Collins, P. H.453
- colonial period75–87, 94–5, 699–711
- administration78–81
- alkali courts702
- anticolonial newspapers376–7
- colonial creation of Nigeria76–8
- corruption291
- development of indigeneity666–7
- economy81–2
- fiscal policy474–6
- interwar years701–4
- neglect of ex-servicemen707
- Nigerian Christianity52–6
- postwar years707–9
- racial discrimination705–6
- revenue474–6
- society83–5
- use of violence110–11
- women’s status107–8 See also decolonization
- Columbia University551
- Commission for the Protection of Journalists (CPJ)465
- Commonwealth714–25
- Abacha regime and721–2
- Fourth Republic and723–5
- Harare Declaration722
- Nigerian Civil War and717–18
- suspension of Nigeria from722
- Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation724
- Commonwealth Games721
- communalism426
- communal tensions, elections and328
- communal unions666
- communal violence See Middle Belt communal conflict
- communism704
- community forestry movement140
- Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) (2007)200
- conflict, climate change and159–60
- conflict, communal See Middle Belt communal conflict
- conflict prevention and resolution686–91
- conflict resolution groups378–9
- ConocoPhillips537
- Conrad, A. H.63
- Cooper, F.109
- Cooper, Harold623
- corporal punishment706
- Corporate and Allied Matters Act (2004)360
- Corporate Nigeria361
- corruption115, 508–9, 758
- defining289–90
- legislative oversight230–1
- media and377
- nature of289–91
- typologies of290 See also anticorruption efforts
- Corruption and Financial Crime Cases Trial Monitoring Committee313
- Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offenses Act293
- Council on African Affairs704
- coups See military coups
- crime652
- Crowther, Dandeson51–2
- cultural nationalism664–5
- cultural theory of citizenship674
- Cumming-Bruce, Sir Francis626
- Cunard, Nancy704
- currency swap deal756
- Cyber Crimes Act (2015)468
- Daily Independent463
- Daily Service377
- Daily Times626
- Daily Trust755
- Damasak, Abdullahi587
- Dambazau, Abdurrahman Bello278–9
- Dan-Azumi, Jake224
- Daniel, Otunba Gbenga362
- Dantata, Alhaji Alhassan82
- Daramola, Ayo362
- Dariye, Joshua360
- Darul Islam587
- Davies, William Bright94
- Davis, Mike145
- Debt Management Office483
- decentralized states36–7
- decolonization75–6, 85–6, 94–8, 407–8, 623
- anticolonial newspapers376–7
- of the Church55
- discontent with outcome of622
- elections and322–3
- women’s anticolonial resistance movement80–1, 103–4, 107–12, 128–30 See also anticolonial imagination in Nigerian novels
- Deeper Christian Life Ministry57
- Della Porta, Donatella567–8
- Democracy Day438
- democratic transitions174, 260–4, 324–5
- annulment of June 12, 1993 election97, 175, 182, 184, 186, 204n3, 264, 279, 325, 329, 337, 374, 379, 397–8, 418–19, 511, 673
- transitional justice279–80
- Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR)153
- Dezalay, Y.647
- Diani, Mario567–8
- Dibal, Adamu590
- DiChristopher, T.648
- Dickson, Seriake358
- Dikibo, Aminasoari463
- Dikkibo, Godwin362
- Direct Data Capture (DDC) machines337–8
- Directorate of Civil–Military Affairs (DCMA)282
- Diya, Oladipo185
- Dodd-Frank Act (2010), US529
- Doma, Bello589
- Dosumu, Wahab362
- Drescher, Seymour66
- Drug Access Initiative550
- Dudley, Billy J.671
- Duke-Abiola, Zainab359
- Dunn, Kevin670
- Dunu, I. V.380
- Durham University703
- East Africa campaign701
- Ebola149
- ECA See Excess Crude Account (ECA)
- Echeruo, Michael J. C.628
- Economic Commission for Africa524
- Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG)655
- economic inequality146
- Economic Recovery and Growth Plan538
- economy
- colonial period81–2
- Education Tax200
- Edun, Adegboyega94
- Egyptian Brotherhood591
- Ejigbo Pepper Sodomy case459
- Ekarte, Daniels G.57
- elections319–32
- 2015 general election284–5, 291–2, 326, 331, 332n7, 333n10, 336, 346, 352, 357, 358–9, 360, 362–3, 381, 382, 383, 384, 430, 434, 482, 516–17, 599
- annulment of June 12, 1993 election97, 175, 182, 184, 186, 204n3, 264, 279, 325, 329, 337, 374, 379, 397–8, 419, 511, 673
- assembly members224
- causes of volatility327–9
- communal tensions and328
- Fourth Republic236, 267, 284–5, 291–2, 296, 307, 322t, 326, 330–1, 332n7, 333n10, 336–48, 351–2, 354–9, 360, 361, 362–3, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 420, 430, 434, 482, 516–17, 599, 645
- informal security groups655–6
- under military rule97, 175, 182, 184, 186, 204n3, 215, 264, 279, 322t, 324–5, 329, 337, 374, 379, 397–8, 418, 631
- Plurality Plus voting system429
- Electoral Act (2001)309–10
- electoral reform236, 326, 329–31, 336–48, 484
- assembly legislation227–8
- ballot systems330–1
- drivers of343–7
- election procedures341
- Electoral Reform Act (2010)340–3
- Electoral Reform Act (2010)340–3
- Emecheta, Buchi131
- emergency rule597
- Engene Youth Assembly643
- English language26
- Eniyindudu Community vigilante group658
- Enough is Enough380
- Enugu Colliery Strike (1949)708
- Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN)153
- environment and ecology133–60, 134f
- historical perspectives140–5
- resource curse thesis145
- sea-level rise160
- state capabilities146–54
- Enwerem, Iheanyi578
- Enyindudu Community Vigilante Group652t
- EPG See Eminent Persons Group (EPG)
- ERC See Electoral Reform Committee (ERC)
- ERN See Electoral Reform Network (ERN)
- Erzeel, S.452–3
- Esigie48–9
- Essien, E.244
- Essiet, Victor412–13
- Eternal Order of Cherubim and Seraphim53
- Ethiopia703
- ethnic and tribal organizations89
- ethnic groups427
- ethnic justice665–6
- ethnic nationalism665
- ethno-religious conflict681–2
- ethno-tribal conflict682–4
- Etteh, Patricia269
- European Union665
- executive power210, 257–71
- executive–judiciary relations266–7
- fragile nature of parliamentary system258–60
- presidential decrees266
- state governors271
- underrepresentation of women114
- ex-servicemen, neglect of707
- Eze, Nduka708
- Fabian, Johannes124
- face marks29–30
- Faith Tabernacle53
- Fajuyi, Adekunle178
- Fajuyi, Francis Adekunle624
- Falae, Olu186
- Family Health International551
- family violence laws444–5
- famine143–4
- Fashek, Majek413–15
- Fasona, M. J.681
- Fawehinmi, Gani362
- Federal Character Commission185
- Federal Constitution (1954)99
- Federal Department of Forestry136
- Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO)329
- Federal Inland Revenue Service Establishment (FIRS) Act (2007)200
- Federalist Movement of Nigeria (FMN)436
- Federici, S.110
- Feinstein, A.476
- Festival of Arts and Culture (1977)477
- Financial Action Task Force (FATF)293
- Financial Times749
- First Bank Nigeria Plc.203
- First Ogoni Day640–1
- First Republic623
- duration of263
- foreign policy716–17
- fragile nature of parliamentary system258–60
- judiciary303
- labor regime390–3
- neopatrimonialism190–1
- women’s status and movements116
- fiscal policy491–501, 508, 517
- colonial period474
- future challenges500
- history of in Nigeria494–9
- monetary policy and493–4
- in resource-rich poor countries493
- theoretical overview491–4
- Fogel, R. W.63–4
- Forest Management Committees (FMCs)140
- Fossil Resources535
- Four-Square Gospel Church732
- Fourth Republic221–37
- anticorruption efforts292–9
- assessing legislative performance226–34
- committee system231
- Commonwealth and723–5
- elections236, 269, 284–5, 291–2, 296, 307, 322t, 326, 330–1, 332n7, 333n10, 336–48, 351–2, 354–9, 360, 361, 362–3, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 420, 430, 434, 482, 516–17, 599, 645
- Igbo discontent634
- judicial powers and independence305–7
- judicial role307–11
- labor regime401–4
- legislative enactments226–9
- legislative reform proposals235–6
- northern Nigeria’s control of political power673
- prebendalism225–6
- representation and constituency service232–4
- revenue479–85
- trade unions401–4
- women’s status and movements116–17
- Fowler, Tunde480
- FPTP See first-past-the-post (FPTP) elections
- Fraser, Malcolm720
- Freedom in the World Index467
- free speech457
- Freetown, Sierra Leone50–1
- Fyle, Magbaily51
- Gabon407–8
- Galadima, Suleiman313
- Gallwey Treaty (1892)44
- Gambia, The724
- Gambo, Sawa106
- Gandhi, Mahatma706
- Garth, B. G.647
- Garvey, Marcus701–2
- Gbulie, Ben622
- Gemade, Barnabas362
- Gemery, H. A.69
- gender equality See women’s rights and representation
- Gender Parity and Prohibition of Violence against Women Bill (2016)441
- General Strike (1945)85
- George, Biobele A.468
- George, Olabode355
- George, Olakunle128
- Gerlach, Luther568
- Ghana717
- Gikandi, Simon122
- Giwa Barracks incident281
- Giwa, Dele279
- Glissant, Edouard124
- global connections98, 699–711
- First World War700–1
- Great Depression703
- interwar years701–4
- postwar years707–9
- Second World War704–7
- Global Financial Integrity537
- Global Witness529
- Gold Coast703
- Goldie, George78
- Graf, W. D.174
- grassroots peacebuilding689
- grazing routes and reserves686–7
- Great Nigeria People’s Party (GNPP)214–15
- Greene, K.352
- Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC)608
- growth strategies507–8
- Guha, R.104
- Guobadia, Osahon306–7
- Gusau, Aliyu355
- Hafez, Mohammed568
- Hale, Henry E.667
- Harare Declaration722
- Harms, Robert69
- Harnischfeger, Johannes243
- Harris, D.743
- Harrison, G.753
- Hart, Christopher325–6
- Hassim, S.443
- Hayes, Calton J. H.665
- Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative513
- Hegel, G. W. F.370
- “heroic masculinities”569
- Hewitt, Edward78
- hisba (vigilante groups)432
- Hitler, Adolf705
- HIV/AIDS545–60
- coverage of healthcare services557
- efficiency of program558
- health system development and service delivery556–8
- history of response to546–52
- HIV counseling and testing (HCT) program553
- multisectoral systems558–9
- quality of care557–8
- HIV/AIDS Fund558
- Hobsbawm, Eric644
- Hodgkins, Thomas570
- hometown associations83
- Honest Accounts729
- “honeypot” effect504
- Hong Kong448
- Hopkins, A. G.68
- Host Community Bill538
- Hu Jintao749
- humanitarian crisis613–15
- human poverty index147
- human rights and human rights violations457–69
- bloggers468
- Choba rape atrocity461
- free speech457
- Giwa Barracks incident281
- judicial intervention307
- normative framework for protection of`458–9
- Occupy Nigeria Protest464–5
- passport seizures463
- political assassinations463
- transitional justice279–80
- Hunters Association652t
- Hunt, Sir David626
- Hunwick, J. O.571
- al-Husayn, Ibrahim Saleh593
- Huseini, Safiya462
- Al Hussein, Zeid Ra’ad614
- Hutchful, E.173
- Hydroelectric Power Producing Areas Development Commission (HYPPADEC)233
- Ibn Abi Zayd702
- Ibn Baaz, Ibn Abdallah592
- Ibn Said38
- Ibori, James296–7
- Ibo State Union89
- Ibrahim, Jibrin221
- Idahosa, Benson736
- identity politics76
- Idoko, John549
- IDPs See internally displaced persons (IDPs)
- Igbo ethnic group427, 433–4, 634
- archeological artifacts36
- Christianity51
- ethnic political solidarity675
- slave trade and60–1
- Ihejirika, Onyeabor Azubuike282
- Ijebu Kingdom92
- Ikoku, S. G.632
- Ikoli, Ernest705
- Imam, Abubakar704
- immunity clause307–8
- Imo, Cyril O.577
- import substitution industrialization (ISI)507–8
- income tax See Companies Income Tax; See Personal Income Tax
- Independence Day438–9
- Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)284, 326, 329–30, 331, 337–8, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345–6, 348
- indigeneity and citizenship633, 664–76
- centralization and decentralization and667–70
- development of indigeneity under colonial rule666–7
- land tenure and land use669–70
- indigenization program507
- indigenous versus settler conflict682–4
- Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd (ICBC)756
- informal security groups652–61, 654t
- citizen’s engagement in658–61
- conflict prevention and resolution690
- gender representation657
- membership and recruitment process653–4
- mixed youth patrols690
- mode of operation656 See also vigilante groups
- Inspector General of Police294–5
- Institute of Development and Education for Africa755
- International Committee of the Red Cross282
- international connections See global connections
- International Crisis Group584
- intimidation of judges315
- IPOB See Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)
- Iraboh, Nduka457
- Iraq511
- Irele, Abiola131
- Isa, Zakariya597
- Islam585–9
- Islamic Bank243
- Islamic law See sharia
- Islamic social movements567–79, 586–8, 682
- definitions and concepts567–9
- foreign elements and religious-induced migrations577–8
- Isoko Development Union (IDU)669
- Isumonah, V. Adefemi670
- Ita, Eyo675
- Italy703
- Iyase93
- Iyayi, F.325
- IYC See Ijaw Youth Council (IYC)
- Jackson, John Payne94
- Jacobsen, Douglas733
- Jakande, Alhaji Lateef421
- Jangebe, Buba462
- Jarmiyar Mutanen Arewa89
- Jemibewon, David355
- Jeter, Howard275
- jihad See Islamic jihad
- Jimoh, A. A.210
- JNI See Jama’atu Nasril Islam (JNI)
- Johnson, E. H.56
- Johnson, Tejumade Osholake94
- Joint Action Committee (JAC)391
- Joint Task Force (JTF)
- Niger Delta insurgency277–9, 646 See also Multi-National Joint Task Force (MNJTF)
- Joint Tax Board (JTB)202–3
- Jonathan, Goodluck
- conflict with Obasanjo284–5
- corruption under297
- electoral reform341
- Excess Crude Account use481–2
- foreign policy723
- National Conference (2014)435–6
- observation missions to Tanzania724
- Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPP)114
- Jonathan, Patience357–8
- Jones, N.442
- Joseph, Osayomore418–21
- JTF See Joint Task Force (JTF)
- Judicial Commission of Inquiry467
- judiciary302–16
- alkali courts702
- area court system240–1
- “blue pencil rule”310
- derivation principle cases308–9
- environmental cases153
- executive–judiciary relations266–7
- First Republic303
- heavy caseloads and lack of speedy trials314
- human rights cases307
- immunity clause cases307–8
- inadequate infrastructure314–15
- intergovernmental dispute cases308–10
- intimidation and manipulation of judges315
- legislature and309–10
- under military rule303–5
- oil spill cases153
- powers and independence since 1999305–7
- reform proposals312
- role since 1999307–11
- Kachallah, Mala588
- Kachikwu, Ibe750
- Kaduna Mafia175
- Kaigama, Ignatius374
- Kala Kato587
- Kala Kato riot577
- Kanamma commune589–90
- Kano, Aminu476
- Kano Chronicles38
- Kanu, Ndubuisi97
- Kashara’a, Bashir594
- Kastfelt, Niels54
- Katsina-Alu, Aloysius311–12
- Katsina, Danjuma468
- Kazah-Toure, Toure577
- Keller, Edmond J.670
- Kenyatta, Jomo670
- Kew, Darren370
- Khalil b. Ishaq al-Jundi702
- Khan, Mushtaq531
- Kimono, Ras416–17
- Klein, Naomi641
- Kopytoff, I.69
- Korieh, Chima J.130
- Kortenaar, Neil ten127
- Kosoko, King of Lagos89
- Kukah, H. M.374
- Kukah, Matthew Hassan578
- Kulibwui54
- Kuti, Femi421–2
- Kuwait511
- Kyari, Abubakar594
- labor regimes387–404
- defined388
- democratic neoliberalizing labor regime401–4
- military despotic labor regime398–401
- post-independence labor regime390–3
- quasi-corporatist state–labor pact393–6
- quasi-corporatist state–labor pact with neoliberalizing military regime396–8
- labor unions See trade unions
- Labour and Civil Society Coalition402
- Labour Unity Forum (LUF)376
- Ladies Progressive Club110
- Lagbaja417–18
- Lagos Daily News702
- Lagos Internal Revenue Service (LIRS)480
- Lagos Weekly Record699
- Lagos Women’s League110
- Lagos Youth Movement85
- Lakanmi case303–4
- Lake Chad Basin Commission606
- land tenure and land use669–70
- Largema, Abogo621
- Larson, Charles122
- Laski, Harold704
- Lawal, Mohammed355
- Lawan, Abubakar155
- Lawan, Faruk268
- Lawson, L.299
- Laye, Camara122
- Leamer, E.744
- LeBas, Adrienne484
- legislature207–19
- assessing legislative performance226–34
- committee system231
- composition by party351–4t
- election system224
- Fourth Republic221–37
- judiciary and309–10
- prebendalism225–6
- public disaffection with234
- reform proposals235–6
- representation and constituency service232–4
- Legum, Colin625
- Lenshie, Nsemba E.633
- Le Pen, Marine665
- Lewis, Arthur744
- Liberia732
- life expectancy147
- Linz, Juan262
- Little, William567
- Living Faith Church57
- Local Agencies for Control of AIDS (LACAs)558
- local democracy426
- Local Government Committees on Revenue Collection202
- Local Government Revenue Monitoring Act309
- local governments195, 196–7, 309–10, 480, 484, 683–4
- conflict prevention and resolution688–9
- HIV/AIDS558
- informal security groups and659–60
- power-sharing and inclusion policies688–9
- taxation199–203
- London School of Economics704
- Lusaka Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice719
- Maccido, Alhaji Muhammadu250
- MacDonald, Claude79
- MacDonald, Malcolm625–6
- MacDonald, Ramsay626
- McGregor, William79
- Macionis, J. J.568
- Madunagu, B. E.116
- Magu, Ibrahim231
- Mahadi, Abdullahi570
- Mahdavy, H.526
- Mahdist Caliphate573
- Mahood, M. M.122
- Mailman School of Public Health551
- Maimalari, Zakari621
- Mai Rigan Karfe574
- Makerere Conference (1962)126
- Maliki law702
- malnutrition147
- Mandators412–13
- Marshall, Harry362
- Masari, Aminu Bello268
- Mashi, Mansur468
- maternal mortality556
- Maternus, Julius25
- Mauritania608
- Mbadiwe, Kingsley Ozuomba704
- Mbanefo, Sir Louis630
- Mbembe, Achille644
- Mbu, Joseph465
- Mbula people54
- Medical and Health Workers Union of Nigeria (NHWUN)399t
- Menbutu Boys643
- Mentan, T.743
- Methodist Mission51
- Meyer, J. R.63
- Middle Belt communal conflict679–92
- community-level initiatives689–90
- conflict prevention and resolution686–91
- early warning systems690–1
- economic costs685
- ethno-religious conflict681–2
- ethno-tribal conflict682–4
- extent and implications of684–6
- grassroots peacebuilding689
- grazing routes and reserves686–7
- internally displaced persons (IDPs)685
- judicial commissions of inquiry687–8
- local government-level initiatives688–9
- loss of life685
- national initiatives686–7
- power-sharing and inclusion policies688–9
- state-level initiatives687–8
- traditional leaders’ role in conflict resolution689–90
- vigilante groups690
- Middle Zone League56
- Miers, S.69
- Mikell, Gwendolyn106
- Miles, William F. S.672
- military–civil relations See civil–military relations
- military federalism176–7
- Military Professional Resources International (MPRI)275
- military rule171–87, 207
- area court system240–1
- as corrective mission174
- credibility and integrity of174
- derivation principle437
- effects on military itself273–6
- elections under97, 175, 182, 184, 186, 204n3, 215, 264, 279, 322t, 324–5, 329, 337, 374, 379, 397–8, 418, 631
- first phase (1966–79)177–80
- of General Babangida97, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182–4, 192, 264, 276, 279, 292, 379, 382, 396–8, 437, 511, 632–3, 672–3, 674
- of Generals Mohammed and Obasanjo173, 174, 179–80, 191–2, 214–15, 291, 393–4, 506, 508, 509, 630, 667, 672, 720
- impermanence of173
- judiciary303–5
- legislature and267–8
- legitimation strategies173–4
- nature of military regimes172–7
- neopatrimonialism191–3
- northern Nigeria’s control of political power672–3
- patronage506
- second phase (1983–99)181–6
- underinvestment in weaponry and maintenance275–6
- use of military force to suppress civil agitations276 See also democratic transitions
- military technology, state formation and40–2
- Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)556
- Miller Brothers138
- Miller, F. D.568
- Milsome, J. R.571
- Minimah, Kenneth281
- Ministry of Petroleum Resources534
- El-Miskin, Shettima594
- mission schools83–4
- Mitchell, T.641
- MIT Systems Dynamics143
- MNJTF See Multi-National Joint Task Force (MNJTF)
- Mohammed, Sagir250
- money laundering293
- Monnier, Olivier225
- Moral Rearmament Group56
- Moran, M. H.106
- More, Ralph93
- Morgan, David736
- Mount Carmel Prayer Village (MCPV)738–9
- Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)155–8, 276, 277, 466, 515–16, 536, 645, 646–7, 749
- Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJWA)608
- Mugabe, Robert410
- Mügge, L. M.452–3
- Muhammed, Kur621
- multireligiosity242–4
- Muogbo, Okey576
- Musa, Balarabe477
- Musdapher, Dahiru312
- music84
- Muslim Students Society576
- Mussolini, Benito703
- Mustapha, Abdul Raufu584
- NADECO See National Democratic Coalition (NADECO)
- names, personal30
- Nathan, Nuhu624
- National Advance Party (NAP)215
- National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)559
- National AIDS and STDs Control Program (NASCP)547
- National Assembly See legislature
- National Assembly Budget and Research Office (NABRO)224
- National Assembly Service Commission (NASC)224
- National Association of Democratic Lawyers463
- National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives399t
- National Church of Biafra708
- National Committee on Women and Development116
- National Concord248
- National Counter Terrorism Strategy (NACTEST)656
- National Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS546
- National Health Insurance Scheme556
- National Industrial Court228
- National Institute of Medical Research551
- nationalism89–100, 623
- Christianity and55
- concept of90–1
- cultural664–5
- ethnic665
- Gandhian706
- post-independence period98–100
- precolonial period91–4
- women’s anticolonial resistance movement80–1, 103–4, 107–12, 128–30 See also anticolonial imagination in Nigerian novels
- National Policy on the Environment150
- National Security Strategy656
- National Union of Banks, Insurance and Financial Institutions Employees (NUBIFEE)399t
- National Union of Food, Beverage and Tobacco Employees (NUFBTE)399t
- National Union of Gas and Electricity Workers (NUGEW)400t
- National Union of Hotel and Personal Services Workers399t
- National Union of Nigerian Students (NUNS)375
- National Union of Pensioners (NUP)399t
- National Union of Postal and Telecommunication Employees (NUPTE)400t
- National Union of Public Corporation Employees (NUPE)400t
- National Union of Railwaymen400t
- National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW)400t
- National Union of Textile, Garment and Tailoring Workers of Nigeria (NUTGTWN)399t
- Native Authority24
- natural resources
- development and503–4
- offshore227 See also environment and ecology; See also oil and gas industry; See also oil revenues
- Natural Resources Governance Institute525
- Nazi racism705
- NBA See Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)
- NCNC See National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC); See National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC)
- NCSU See Nigeria Civil Service Union (NCSU)
- NDA See Niger Delta Avengers (NDA)
- Ndirmbita, Aaron594
- Negedu, I.90
- Negro World newspaper701–2
- Neighborhood Safety Corp Agency Bill, Lagos State659–60
- NEPAD Heads of State and Government Implementation Committee723
- New Institutional Economics (NIE)530–1
- New Nigerian248–9
- new regionalism437
- News from Nigeria706
- New York Times96
- Niger Delta77–8, 133
- deforestation137, 161n5 See also Niger Delta insurgency; See also oil and gas industry
- Niger Delta insurgency277–9, 432–3, 466, 515–16, 536, 636–49
- China and749–50
- civil–military relations and277–9
- legislation to address227
- Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)155–8, 276, 277, 466, 515–16, 536, 645, 646–7, 749–50
- oil as national treasure638–9
- Niger Delta Nation432–3
- Niger Delta Pastorate52
- Niger Delta Vigilante Movement (NDVM)645
- Niger Delta Volunteers Force638
- Nigeria Business Coalition against AIDS (NIBUCAA)558–9
- Nigeria Conflict Tracker685
- Nigeria Customs Service476
- Nigeria Medical Association (NMA)376
- Nigerian Air Squadron705
- Nigeria National ART Committee549
- Nigerian Christianity47–58, 585, 728–39
- Atlantic Christian movements48–52
- Boko Haram’s attacks on churches597–8
- Christian criticism of Ja’afar Adam594
- Christian–Muslim conflict681–2
- colonial period52–6
- indigenous prophets and revivals52–5
- missionary legacies55–8
- neoliberalism and734–6
- personality cults735–6
- women’s roles in57–8 See also Christian missionaries
- Nigerian Civil War and Biafran secession25, 97, 100, 175, 178–9, 191, 620–34
- Aburi Accord625–6
- aftermath of628–33
- Christianity and732
- Christian missionaries and56
- commencement of627
- Commonwealth and717–18
- ending of627–8
- oil industry and505
- Nigerian Conflict Management Group378
- Nigerian Custom Service138
- Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)138
- Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI)515
- Nigerian Federalists436
- Nigerian Feminist Forum (NFF)116
- Nigerian Inquirer748
- Nigerian Maritime Agency647
- Nigerian National Oil Corporation (NNOC)505
- Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)158, 197–8, 360, 482, 505, 516, 517, 524–5, 534, 537, 648, 745–6, 748, 750
- Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC)745
- Nigerian Produce Traders Association96
- Nigerian Union of Construction and Civil Engineering Workers399t
- Nigerian Youth Charter703–4
- Nigeria Regiment700–1
- Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ)400t
- Nigeria Union of Local Government Employees (NULGE)399t
- Nigeria Workers Union (NWU)376
- NJC See National Judicial Council (NJC)
- Njeuma, Martin Z.573
- Njoku, Eni675
- Nkanga, P.460
- NNA See Nigerian National Alliance (NNA)
- Nnamani, Ken268
- Nnolim, Charles126
- Non-Academic Staff Union of Education and Associated Institutions (NASUEAI)399t
- non-governmental organizations (NGOs)370, 371t, 372, 377–81, 383
- competition from international379
- conflict resolution groups378–9
- environmental145
- HIV/AIDS558–9
- oil and gas industry and145
- technopols647 See also civil society
- Non-Muslim League56
- non-Western democracy425–39
- Big Tent parties429–30
- defined426
- ethnic conflicts432–4
- ethnic federalist democracy427–30
- federal character principle428–9
- Plurality Plus voting system429
- politics of recognition and resource competition430–4
- sharia movement431–2
- zoning and rotation arrangements430
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)665
- Northern Emancipation Network674
- northern Nigeria19–32
- control of political power671–3
- global connections711
- group identities28–9
- identities25–31
- indigenous prophets and revivals53–5
- personal identities29–31
- politics of distribution667–8
- religious landscape in585–9
- self-government24–5
- trade19–32
- veto over eligibility for presidential office673, 675 See also Boko Haram insurgency; See also Islamic social movements; See also sharia
- Northern People’s Congress (NPC)86, 100, 208, 209, 210, 211–12, 213, 214, 215, 250, 259, 323, 324, 391, 505, 623
- Northern Youth Vanguard674
- North Korea665
- Northrup, D.68
- novels See anticolonial imagination in Nigerian novels
- “no victor, no vanquished” principle627
- NPC See Northern People’s Congress (NPC)
- NPN See National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
- NPP See Nigeria People’s Party (NPP)
- NTUC See Nigeria Trade Union Congress (NTUC)
- Nunn, Nathan68
- NUT See Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT)
- Nwabuogu, A. I.90
- Nwankwo, Clement304
- Nwaogbo, Jack Okechukwu596
- Nwobi, Simeon246
- Nwodo, Okwesilieze351–2
- Nwosu, H. N.100
- NWP See Nigerian Women’s Party (NWP)
- Nwude, Emmanuel294
- Nye, Joseph289–90
- Nyerere, Julius98
- NYM See Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM)
- Nzeogwu, Chukwuma621
- Oando Plc535
- Oba, Adebayo241–2
- Obasanjo, Olusegun
- appointment of retired military officers283–4
- on constituency projects234
- depoliticization and reform military274–5
- election as president186
- foreign policy723
- fuel subsidies536
- Igbo marginalization and433
- mediation in Gambia724
- Niger Delta insurgency and646
- Nigerian Civil War and627–8
- oil revenues479
- songs critical of422
- trade unions and401–4
- Obiakor, N.100
- Obibi, Iheoma463
- Obienu, John621
- Observer newspaper625
- O’Connell, James O.675
- Odili, Peter356
- Odunsi, Ladipo704
- Office of the National Security Advisor (ONSA)282
- Ogbeha, Tunde355
- Ogbulafor, Vincent362
- Ogoni Bill of Rights (1990)639–40
- Ogundele, K.462
- Ogunewe, David624
- Ogunye, Jiti463
- oil and gas industry133–4, 520–38
- China and745–50
- dysfunctions of521–8
- elite competitive and distributional pressures on534–5
- hedging strategies537
- indigenization program507
- international oil markets537–8
- local content policies535
- Nigerian Civil War and505
- oil as national treasure638–9
- societal demands for redistribution535–6
- transfer pricing537
- vertical constraints on reform532, 532f, 533f, 535–6 See also Niger Delta insurgency
- Oil Mineral Producing Areas Development Commission183
- Ojo, J. D.208
- Ojo, T. I.208
- Okadigbo, Chuba460
- Okara, Gabriel628
- Okome, M.108–9
- Okonta, I.530
- Okosuns, Sonny408–10
- Okoye, Mokwugo708
- Okpara, Michael621
- Olivier de Sardan, J.-P.290
- Ologbosere93
- Ologunde, Bisade417–18
- Olukoshi, A.215
- Olurin, Tunji284
- Olusanya, G. O.92
- Oluyemi, O.446
- Olympic Games721
- Omenka, Nicholas55
- Omoboriowo, Akin326
- Omoigui, I.202
- Omojola, A. S.681
- Omolewa, M.90
- Omotola, J. S.339
- Onimode, Bade98
- Onitsha Market Literature122
- Onnoghen, Walter313
- Onoh, Christian C.668
- Onojeghuo, A. O.161n5
- Onyeama, Geoffrey724
- OPC See Odua Peoples’ Congress (OPC)
- Operation Hakuri II461
- Operation Purge the Nation291
- Operation Safe Corridor282
- Operation Yaki691
- Oputa, Chukwudifu279–80
- Oranmiyan41
- Orkar, Gideon182
- Oronto, D.530
- Osadebe, Denis621
- Osadolor, O. B.94
- Oshuntokun, J.716
- Osumah, Oarhe221
- Oteh, Arunma231
- Ottoman Empire701
- Overseas Development Administration, UK546
- Ovoramwen93
- Oyedepo, David736–7
- Oyediran, O.174
- Oyelana, Tunji410–12
- Pam, James Y.621
- Pan-African Congresses701
- Pan-African Movement463
- Paris Agreement on Climate Change665
- parliamentary democracy See First Republic
- Passfield, Lord475
- passport seizures463
- Paul VI (Pope)56
- Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system204n4
- PDP See People’s Democratic Party (PDP)
- Peace Corps of Nigeria652t
- People’s Daily750
- Peoples Democratic Movement (PDM)361
- People’s Democratic Party (PDP)224, 268, 337, 338, 351–64, 353–4t, 479, 514
- attitude to Igbo634
- Big Tent strategy429–30
- Boko Haram insurgency595
- chant slogan of409
- Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and375
- funding of359–61
- military influence354–5
- opposition and361–3
- political assassinations362
- state governors and358–9
- personal names30
- Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association (PENGASSAN)376
- Petroleum Industry Fiscal Bill538
- Petroleum Industry Governance Bill (PIGB)538
- Philip II, King of Spain49–50
- Phillips, U. B.63
- PIB See Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB)
- Pidgin English408
- Pierce, Steven291
- Plotnicov, Leonard328
- Plurality Plus voting system429
- police
- Policy Support Instrument (PSI)515
- political assassinations362
- political parties215
- PPT See Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT)
- Pratten, D.690
- Prayer Mountain, South Korea738–9
- prebendalism225–6
- Precious Stone Society53
- precolonial period
- forestry137
- nationalism91–4
- slave trade29
- women’s status105–7 See also state formation in precolonial period
- Presbyterian Church of Canada56
- Presidential Committee on the Rationalization and Restructuring of Federal Government Parastatals, Commission and Agencies225
- presidential decrees266
- presidential system of government213–14, 257–8, 260–71, 673
- presidential decrees266
- veto over eligibility for presidential office673, 675 See also Fourth Republic; See also Second Republic
- Prezworski, Adam266
- Price, Ward H. L.670
- print culture84
- privatization, of state lands139
- Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs)537
- Project FACT202
- Protestant Ethic thesis730
- protest political music406–23
- history of406–8
- of Majek Fashek413–15
- of Osayomore Joseph418–21
- of Ras Kimono416–17
- of Femi Kuti421–2
- of Lagbaja417–18
- of the Mandators412–13
- of Sonny Okosuns408–10
- of Tunji Oyelana and Wole Soyinka410–12
- protests
- suppression under military rule276
- Provincial Ruling Council264
- provisioning pact148–9
- PRP See People’s Redemption Party (PRP)
- PSI See Policy Support Instrument (PSI)
- Public Complaints Commission (PCC)224
- public savings493
- al-Qadir, Abd570
- Qaqa, Abu597
- Qutb, Sayed591
- Rabih b. Fadlallah573
- racial discrimination705–6
- Radio, TV, and Theatre Workers Union399t
- RAF705
- Raheem, Tajudeen Abdul463
- Ramsdell, C. W.63
- Ransome-Kuti, Olikoye546
- Ransome-Kuti, Olufunmilayo85
- Rashid, Syed Khalid240
- Rawson, Harry93
- Red Egbesu Water Lions (REWL)648
- refugees614–15
- regional insurgencies276–7
- environment and154–60, 159f, 639–41, 642 See also Boko Haram insurgency; See also Niger Delta insurgency
- regionalization86
- relational theory of ethnicity667
- religion
- ethno-religious conflict681–2
- migration and57
- religious complexity of Nigeria585–9
- state religion242, 243, 431, 462, 586 See also Islamic social movements; See also Nigerian Christianity; See also sharia
- religious conversions729
- Repugnancy Clause242
- resource curse thesis145, 477, 502, 503–4, 520, 528–30
- environmental dimensions of530
- inadequacies of530
- social dimensions of529
- revenue473–85
- colonial period474–6
- federalism and479–82
- Fourth Republic479–85
- future reforms and sources483–5
- indirect rule and474–6
- Revenue Allocation Act (1981)196
- Richardson, D.66
- Risk Intelligence647
- rosewood137
- Ross, M. L.529
- Ruma, Abba Sayyadi357
- Ruxton, F. H.702
- RWAFF (Royal West African Frontier Force) News706
- RWU See Railway Workers Union (RWU)
- Sachikonye, L. M.388
- Safir, A. Z.445
- Said, Edward122
- Samaila, Inusa54
- Sankara, Thomas114
- Sanneh, Lamin49
- Sanni, A.202
- Sao Tome70
- Sarasuka group652t
- Sarduana of Sokoto97
- School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London709
- Scott, F. C.92
- SDP See Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- sea-level rise160
- Second Republic181
- aftermath of Biafran secession631–2
- federalism195–6
- labor regime395–6
- neopatrimonialism192
- subnational government195–6
- women’s status and movements116
- security See informal security groups
- Seibert, G.70
- Seplat535
- Shackleford, Amos Stanley Wynter702
- Shapin, Steven142
- sharia116, 155, 239–52, 431–2, 452, 585, 586, 702, 709
- common good and247–9
- ethno-religious conflict and681–2
- legal and political contexts240–6
- secularism and multireligiosity242–4
- sharia riots251
- states’ rights244
- support for expanded sharia250–1
- ummah246–7
- women’s rights and446
- written law244–5
- Sharwood-Smith, Sir Bryan56
- Shaw, Thurston36
- Shekari, Stephen251
- Sheridan, R. B.65
- Sheriff, Ali Modu591
- Shi’a587–8
- Shikyil, Sylvester231
- Shinkafi, Mamuda Aliyu244
- Shivji, Issa744
- Shiyanbade, Gabriel274
- Shodeinde, Ralph621
- Shuwa, Mamman596
- Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles719
- Sino–Nigerian relations See China
- Slater, D.148
- slave trade60–71
- Aro Confederacy93
- Catholic Church and49–50
- labor-productivity differential69
- precolonial period29
- relative-exploitability hypothesis69–70
- transport cost-based explanation70
- Slessor, Mary57
- SMD See single-member districts (SMD)
- Smith, Abdullahi572
- Smith, Adam63
- Smith, Anthony D.90
- Smith, M. G.676
- Snelgrave, W.41
- Social Media Tracking Centre (SMTC)380
- society, colonial period83–5
- Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP)313
- Sokoloff, K. L.63
- Sokoto Jihad See Usman Dan Fodio jihad
- “sons of the soil” conflict682–4
- South Atlantic Petroleum Limited746
- South Korea738–9
- South-South (ethno-regional political bloc)432–3
- Sovereign Wealth Fund534
- Spanish influenza epidemic701
- Spivak, G. C.104
- Stamp Duties201
- Stanley, Oliver704
- state courts306
- state formation in precolonial period33–45, 309–10
- agriculture, development of34–5
- Benin Kingdom43–4
- crop choice and37–8
- decentralized states36–7
- horses and40–2
- Kanem–Bornu Empire39–40
- military technology and40–2
- Oyo Empire41–2
- Sokoto Caliphate42–3
- state centralization37–9
- trans-Saharan trade routes and39–40
- state governments195–7, 309–10
- conflict prevention and resolution687–8
- debt burden483
- HIV/AIDS558
- judicial commissions of inquiry687–8
- rights of244
- state governors
- executive dominance270–1
- judiciary and306
- by party351–4t
- People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and358–9
- State Independent Electoral Commissions (SIECs)339
- State Internal Revenue Service (SIRS)202–3
- State–Local Governments Joint Account270
- Steve Oronsaye Committee225
- Strategic Alliance Agreements (SAAs)535
- student unions375
- Sudan Interior Mission53–4
- Sule, Alhaji Maitama671
- Suleiman, Dan97
- Sule, Maitama725n3
- Supreme Council of Ex-servicemen of Nigeria and Cameroons707
- sustainable development135
- Syria665
- Tafida, Dalhatu724
- takfiri ideology589
- Tambo, O. R.721
- Tar, A. U.376
- Tarka, Joseph100
- Taungya foresty system140
- taxation199–203, 473, 492, 493
- administration201–3
- Capital Gains Tax200
- Education Tax200
- legislation200–1
- national tax policy200
- Pay As You Earn (PAYE) system204n4
- Stamp Duties201
- tax reform483–4
- tax-to-GDP ratio483
- taxpayer identification number (TIN) system202–3
- Taylor, Peter143
- technology
- military technology and state formation40–2
- Terrorism Prevention Act469
- There was a Country (Achebe)625
- Third Marine Commando627–8
- Thomas, R. P.65
- Thompson, Tunde457
- Tilly, Charles40
- timber trade See forests and deforestation
- Tinubu case308
- Tinubu, Remi485
- Tor Kpande (the head of tax)475
- trade unions371–2, 371t, 375–6, 387–404, 508
- corruption pressures377
- demands for redistribution535–6
- democracy building and382
- democratic neoliberalizing labor regime401–4
- military despotic labor regime398–401
- post-independence labor regime390–3
- quasi-corporatist state–labor pact393–6
- quasi-corporatist state–labor pact with neoliberalizing military regime396–8
- traditional leaders, role in conflict resolution689–90
- traditional policing See informal security groups
- transfer pricing537
- transitional justice279–80
- transitions to civil rule See democratic transitions
- Trapido, Joe157
- Trimingham, J. S.571
- Trudeau, Pierre676
- Tukur, Bamanga534–5
- Tunolashe, Moses Orimolade53
- Twelve-day Revolution638
- Ukiwe, Ebitu632–3
- Ukiwo, Ukoha634
- ULC See United Labour Congress (ULC)
- Umar, Abu590
- Umejei, E.747
- Umuyi Ndiukwu Akabo Community307
- Unegbe, Chinyere Arthur621
- UN HABITAT145
- UNICEF549
- Union Bank of Nigeria203
- United Africa Company (UAC)138
- United Bank for Africa203
- United Kingdom
- Aburi Accord625–6
- Anglo–Aro War93
- Benin Expedition (1897)93
- Boko Haram insurgency613
- British–Ijebu War92
- HIV/AIDS assistance546
- Industrial Revolution and slave trade65–6
- Nigerian Civil War and718
- transparency initiatives529 See also colonial period
- United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights614
- United Nations Year of Indigenous People640
- United States
- anti-immigration struggles675
- Boko Haram insurgency613
- Dodd-Frank Act (2010)529
- effects of slave labor63–5
- election of Donald Trump665
- Niger Delta insurgency749
- wartime links with706
- University of London703
- University of Maryland551
- UPN See Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)
- UPP See United People’s Party (UPP)
- Usman, Zainab152
- Uwazurike, Ralph434
- Uzochukwu, C. E.380
- Uzoigwe, Godfrey N.620
- Value Added Tax Act (VAT) (1993/2007)201
- Van de Walle, Nicolas190
- Van Hear, N.395
- Vatsa, Mamman182
- VGN See Vigilante Group of Nigeria (VGN)
- Vigilante Group of Wuntil652t
- Vigilante Services Bill660
- Walbe, William624
- Wali, Na’ibi Sulaiman709
- Wamakko, Aliyu312
- Wariboko, Nimi734
- Warri Christian community49–50
- Washington Consensus144
- WASU See West African Students’ Union (WASU)
- Water Resources Act (1993)150
- Waziri, Farida297
- Welby-Everard, Sir Christopher624
- Welch, Claude E., Jr.669
- Weldon, S. L.452
- West African National Congress702
- West African Nationhood newspaper702
- Western education
- Westhead, Paul737
- West Indies65–6
- Wiktorowicz, Quintan568
- Williams, Funsho362
- Williams, P. A. T.577
- Williams, Rotimi244
- Wilson, Harold716–17
- WIN See Women In Nigeria (WIN)
- Wiredu, Kwasi426
- women103–18
- in informal security groups657–8
- literacy147
- postwar activism707
- precolonial period105–7
- resource curse and529
- roles in Nigerian Christianity57–8
- violence against444–5, 447 See also women’s rights and representation
- women’s policy agencies See meso-level women’s policy agencies (MWPAs)
- women’s rights and representation441–54
- intersectional approach452–3
- legislation114
- nonfeminist approaches444–5
- World Council of Churches56
- World Igbo Congress (2015)434
- World Press Freedom467–8
- World Trade Organization755
- Wright, Mike737
- WWF See World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
- Xi Jinping750
- Yaba Higher College703
- Yakassai, Malam Tanko667–8
- Yakubu, Taminu357
- Yakubu, Umar Barde225
- Yan Tatsine575
- Yar’Adua, Turai357
- Yar’Adua, Umaru Musa
- China and747–8
- corruption under296–7
- electoral violence338
- foreign policy723
- “invisible presidency”345
- Niger Delta insurgency and515
- oil and gas industry747–8
- sharia248
- trade unions and403
- Young, Crawford665
- youth unemployment569
- Yunfa42–3
- Yusuf, Brimo362
- Yusuf, Hakeem310
- Zanzibar724
- Zenith Bank Plc.203
- Zenn, Jacob584
- Zik See Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi
- Zimbabwe720
- Zimo Newsletter708
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