...Table 7.1 Spelling units used for the vowel element in the twenty-seven questionnaire items: Number of texts and tokens and distribution in terms of items Spelling unit Number of texts Number of tokens Lexical items 28          62          far...

.... (Source: Edinburgh University Centre for Research Collections (CRC)) Figure 9.2 Extract from LAOS text 36: liferent from Dirleton, East Lothian. May 1447. (Source: Edinburgh University Centre for Research Collections (CRC)) This chapter presents an analysis of the spelling variation found...

... to present Scott's words as nearly as possible as they are written, even when it is very clear that the normal spelling would differ from what Scott uses. On the other hand, in the reading text, the editors present what they believe to have been Scott's underlying intentions for individual words, rather than...

... of the relationship of the notation to a phonetic theory, and on the existence of a specialised notation system. Denotational and representational functions of phonetic symbols are brought together in the concept of a descriptive model in which the notion of a segment plays a fundamental role. Sound-spelling...

...This book is an account of the evolution of the spelling system, or orthography, of Scots, the language of lowland Scotland. Substantial written records in Scots survive from the fourteenth century and they are evidence of a distinctive language that was used in speech and as a language of written...

... insofar as it impacts on spelling; a much more detailed discussion of the phonological system of Older Scots can be found in Johnston (1997a). David I Hutcheson F Johnston P Roman alphabet runes Acts of the Parliament of Scotland Barbour J Douglas G Henryson R Mapstone S Norman Conquest Aitken...

... in Scots prose. Alexander W Bell J J Brown G D Corpus of Modern Scottish Writing 1700–1945 CMSW Hay J M Stevenson R L Wilson John term frequency inverted document frequency TF IDF frequency principle components analysis PCA Scotland Spelling Scots Modern Scots Cluster Analysis Poetry Prose...

... of stress, the relationship between historical changes in stress and meaning, the relationship between spelling and stress, stress and syllable weight, the theoretical treatment of exceptions, stress mechanisms in Australian English, and stress in Singapore English. The book therefore provides the reader...

... or cognate lexis. The final section looks for evidence of the Scottish newspapers' potential role as a force for standardisation in their spelling conventions for Scots lexis. Scots lexis corpus composition Scotticisation Scottish Sun The Times The code switching corpus analysis...

... Maitland R Montgomery A Mopsae Chaucer W Epstein R Gil A James VI Millar R M Burns R Dixon J M Grant W allophone Murray J A H Barbour J Hart A Ramsay J Hay G Devitt A Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots Meurman Solin A Anderson W Dossena M Scotland Scottish History Spelling Scots Older...

... W Fergusson R Ruddiman W Wilson John Donaldson W Harris B Latto W D Pope A Corpus of Modern Scottish Writing 1700–1945 CMSW Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech Scotland Spelling Scots Modern Scots Older Scots Orthography Vernacular Writing The later Older Scots period is marked...

...The present chapter offers a historical survey of commentary on and attempted intervention in the practice of spelling Modern Scots. Four main groups are considered: orthoepists and linguistic scholars, lexicographers, literary commentators, and ‘language activists’. Each group has played a role...

... Wilson John binary occurrence term frequency term frequency inverted document frequency TF IDF term occurrence Scotland Spelling Scots Modern Scots Cluster Analysis Poetry Orthography Standard Orthography As the preceding chapters have shown, social, political and linguistic developments...

...As discussed previously, we analyse poetry and prose separately since it is easier to achieve reliable and useful results by comparing like with like. There are various reasons for assuming that spelling in poetry will be unlike spelling in prose; for example, the texts in this literary genre tend...

..., who, which. No fewer than 57 different spellings are found for this cluster, from the earliest attested Old English to ca 1500. The authors show how LAEME, eLALME, and LAOS provide the data that allow this spelling variation to be analysed as reflecting various scribal...

... the temptation to do so. Rather, this chapter puts the spelling of Scots in a more general context; we then consider a number of final issues: why a fixed spelling system is probably undesirable for writers of Modern Scots, why – despite this lack of desirability – there are often calls to ‘fix’ Modern Scots...

...Table 6.3 LAEME spellings for OE ǣ¹ and OE ǣ², by area and date Area ǣ¹ ai+i ǣ² ā No. % No. %   1 0.76...

...This volume provides a comprehensive survey of the spelling system of Older and Modern Scots, illustrating how this orthographic system has developed partly in response to historical shifts in pronunciation, and partly as a result of social and political change. Spelling Scots acts not only...