... Jordan Ahmadinejad Mahmoud Bahrain Green Movement Iran Kuwait Oman Qatar United Arab Emirates UAE elections Khamenei Ayatollah Ali Saudi Arabia Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Political parties Party-systems Party-system fragmentation Electoral volatility...

... Spring and Post-Arab Spring Government Power relationships Veto players Reserved domains Political regimes Legitimacy This chapter analyses social and political processes in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regimes from the perspective of their stability and legitimacy. This includes both...

... Brotherhood National Dialogue Quartet al Sisi Gen Abdel Fattah media the Turkey Israel Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Civil society Social movements Associations Political rights and freedoms Since 2011 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries have...

... change MENA countries Public rights and liberties Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Democracy Authoritarianism A key issue in the study of political change is the situation and evolution of rights and freedoms. Specifically, this chapter addresses the impact that the eruption of the Arab Spring has...

... censorship Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Mass media Media laws Internet Social media Press freedom Any approach, academic or not, to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region stumbles upon a feature common to all but one of the countries that compose...

... Jordan Morocco Oman political liberalisation Tunisia Yemen Bahrain Kuwait Turkey Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Political Parties Elections Constitutional reforms Civil society Political rights and freedoms Regional powers International security...

... National Progressive Front NPF al Wefaq constitutional reforms elections governance liberties party systems al Maliki Nouri Political change MENA countries Comparative Politics Political regimes Democracy Authoritarianism Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Theoretical framework Analytical...

... Hadi Abd Rabbuh Mansour Iraq Islamic State IS Turkey United Nations UN United States of America USA Yemen Algeria Libya totalitarianism Israel Jordan Kuwait Oman Syria Bahrain Shiite Muslims al Wefaq Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Electoral...

... Iraq media the Syria Tunisia Libya security Algeria Bahrain Iran Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates UAE law rule of Political change MENA countries Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Good governance World Bank indicators Development The concept of good governance has...

... Arabia King sanctions Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Middle East and North Africa United States Foreign policy Obama Administration Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Nuclear agreement Islamic State This chapter aims to analyse President Barack Obama’s foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa...

... National Dialogue Conference NDC Bahah Khaled Hezbollah Iran censorship Internet Democratisation Political transitions Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Tunisia Egypt Libya Yemen Democratic expectations awoken by the Arab Spring have not been met after five years. The democratising wave...

... Democratic Rally RND National Liberation Front FLN Mediène Mohamed Ouyahia Ahmed Sellal Abdelmalek Political change Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Political liberalisation Authoritarianism Algeria Jordan Morocco Oman This chapter focuses on political liberalisation processes undertaken...

... countries religion Arab Spring Political change Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring Autocratisation Authoritarian progression Fragmented states Bahrain Iraq Syria Turkey MENA region This final chapter focuses on Middle East and North African (MENA) countries that have experienced negative changes...

... Thani of Qatar King al Assad Bashar BRICS Brazil Russia India China South Africa countries oil jihadist groups Middle East and North Africa Regional order International Relations Constitutional structures Fundamental institutions Great power management Constructivism Arab Spring and Post-Arab...

... Arab Spring and Post-Arab Spring European Neighbourhood Policy Common Foreign and Security Policy Critical juncture Crisis management Normative power Democracy promotion International relations (IR) and geopolitics have taken a discreet back seat in the academic discussion of political change...