...This book illuminates how the floor surface shaped the ways in which people in medieval western Europe and beyond experienced sacred spaces. The ground beneath our feet plays a crucial, yet often overlooked, role in our relationship with the environments we inhabit and the spaces with which we...

...This chapter describes how idolatry manifested itself during the Carolingian period in many ways, and all of them had in common the natural world: all idolatrous activities took place outside the four walls of the church. Christian sacred spaces were “emplaced”—meaning they were encoded. Churches...

... worship outdoors sacred space Theodosian Code Theodosius II emperor Acacius Constantine I the Great emperor Eusebius of Caesarea Hadrian emperor Helena mother of Constantine Jerusalem as Christian model of sacred space Mamre oak at Nisbet Robert Smith Jonathan Brown Peter the dead demons...