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Inverts, Intermediaries, and Instigators: Female Homosexuality and Feminism in Sexual Science Inverts, Intermediaries, and Instigators: Female Homosexuality and Feminism in Sexual Science
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Anna Rüling’s Urninde: The Masculine Woman as Both “Noble and Fine” Anna Rüling’s Urninde: The Masculine Woman as Both “Noble and Fine”
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“Woman-Identified Woman” avant la lettre: Johanna Elberskirchen’s Feminine Homosexual “Woman-Identified Woman” avant la lettre: Johanna Elberskirchen’s Feminine Homosexual
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Idealizing the Individual: Rosa Mayreder’s Synthetic Human Idealizing the Individual: Rosa Mayreder’s Synthetic Human
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3 Challenging the Limits of Sex: Envisioning New Gendered Subjectivities and Sexualities
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Published:February 2018
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Abstract
Sexology opened up new ways of thinking about sexual subjectivity that challenged the male/female binary and its assumed heterosexuality. This chapter analyzes how Anna Rüling, Johanna Elberskirchen, and Rosa Mayreder critically engaged theories of female homosexuality to formulate and espouse non-normative, non-heterosexual subjectivities as legitimate social identities with “natural” needs for social rights and sexual freedoms. All three authors represented their subjects as enjoying a special relationship to the feminist movement and as superior to “normal”—that is, unambiguously feminine and heterosexual—women, who they viewed as limited in their existential possibilities by virtue of their reproductive sexuality. Women sexologists’ insistence that sex was biologically fluid led them on the one hand to argue that sexual diversity ought to be recognized, celebrated, and accepted, and on the other hand to create new hierarchies of political and existential value among different types of women, precisely along lines of sexuality.
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