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Sex and Sexology in 1920s Germany and Austria Sex and Sexology in 1920s Germany and Austria
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Mathilde Vaerting and the New Foundation for the Psychology of Man and Woman Mathilde Vaerting and the New Foundation for the Psychology of Man and Woman
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Sofie Lazarsfeld and the Woman’s Experience of the Male Sofie Lazarsfeld and the Woman’s Experience of the Male
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7 Fluid Gender, Rigid Sexuality: Constrained Potential in the Postwar Period
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Published:February 2018
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Abstract
Revised gender roles, strained heterosexual relations, and ongoing biopolitical concerns regarding the “regeneration” of German populations followed the First World War. Simultaneously, sexology turned towards a greater consideration of the influence of social, cultural, and psychological factors on sexuality. Focusing on groundbreaking texts by Mathilde Vaerting and individual psychologist Sofie Lazarsfeld, this chapter demonstrates how the unique conditions of the 1920s enabled these women to make strikingly new and original contributions to sexology and especially to discussions of sexual difference. Specifically, these women separated sex as a conceptual unit into discreet categories of gender and sexuality and devoted greater attention to power as a factor shaping gender roles. However, both Vaerting and Lazarsfeld retreated to essentialism when it came to sexuality, raising important questions about the historical-social conditions in which gender and sexuality can become open to new forms of scrutiny and analysis.
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