...How many components can we remember in a wine taste? Much research has shown that memory is good for one or two components, but falls off severely ad 3 and is virtually gone for more. The more experience one has the better one learns to associate specific sets of features as synthetic objects, much...

... Lodrö Gyelpo's account of the true origins of the Four Treatises and his domestication of those origins in Buddhist ethical terms. Finally, it analyzes Zurkharwa's approach to medical learning and his essay entitled Old Man's Testament, in which he looks back on his...

... If the gap between the advanced and developing country is large, there can be little learning by the developing country, and it can get caught in a low-level equilibrium trap. This chapter presents the infant-economy argument for protection. It argues that protectionism can be an important instrument...

...This chapter focuses on one of the central reasons for industrial policies: Markets on their own do not create a learning society; the structure of the economy that results from market forces results in less learning—and less growth—than there could or should be. It explains why many...

.... Lower. Lower. Low. Low. Intellectual property rights (IPR) are supposed to provide incentives to encourage innovation. However, the provisions of the intellectual property regime that has become dominant around the world have failed to maximize learning. This chapter examines why this is so...

...This chapter presents a commentary by Kenneth J. Arrow, Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. He focuses on the issue of learning and knowledge emphasized by the Stiglitz-Greenwald paper. He says that although Arrow's paper alludes to the issue of competitive pressures and the effect tariffs...

...Computer scientists have devised a variety of techniques that allow computers to learn. Many of these employ variations on the engine of complexity. In the world of living beings, evolution results in the accumulation of information about the environment—the system learn. This chapter examines...

... the Analects of Confucius, the text of Mencius, the Great Learning (Daxue), and the Mean (Zhongyong). The latter two texts had been selected out of a much larger compilation, the classic Record of Rites. The chapter...

...This chapter discusses Yi T'oegye's Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning (Seonghak sipdo), which stands as one of the masterpieces of Neo-Confucian thought. In ten diagrams, he leads us from a grand vision of the cosmos into ethics and the question of how we should...

...This book provides an actionable blueprint that makes use of science to build a leading-edge learning organization. More specifically, it explains how one can become a better and faster learner and how to create an organization that is more adaptable and learns better and faster than...

...This chapter examines how and when we need to mitigate the negative effects that emotions can have on our thinking, collaborating, and learning. Research has shown that emotion and cognition jointly contribute to the control of mental activities and behavior. When it comes to decision making, we...

...This chapter focuses on critical thinking tools as part of the right processes, which in turn are a key component of a High-Performance Learning Organization. It considers the impact of our humanness on our critical thinking abilities, along with tools developed and applied in real world situations...

...This chapter examines how Bridgewater Associates LP has become a successful learning organization by focusing on the underlying fundamental principles and values on which the company's culture and learning processes were built. Based in Westport, Connecticut, Bridgewater is the largest hedge fund...

...This chapter examines the development and scaling of United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS) as a High-Performance Learning Organization (HPLO). UPS began as a messenger service in Seattle in 1907 and rose to become the world's largest package delivery company, with $54.1 billion in revenue in 2012...

...This chapter presents the English translation of Section 9 of Fukuzawa Yukichi’s text Gakumon no susume (An Encouragement of Learning). Here Fukuzawa distinguishes between the functions of individual persons and those of social beings. The former function...

...This chapter presents the author's account of what she calls “low theory,” of how we should look at low as well as high texts, and also how many of the lessons we learn are in spite of rather than because of the formal strictures of education. She believes in shaking down the big disciplines once...

... Davies Martin Stone Tony Wallace Deborah Wallace Roderick artificial neural networks neural networks artificial constructivism Köhler Wolfgang Piaget Jean artificial intelligence animals bees Caenorhabditis elegans elemental associative learning evolution honeybees attractors brain s...

...Lessons for Africa from “outstanding cases” of success with industrial policies in a variety of sectors (including agriculture) and country contexts. industrial policy industrial strategy capability capacity development CD knowledge learning comparative advantage dynamic comparative...

... about objectives, instead of asking which thing can be used to attain an already assumed goal. This reversal of perspective is required for learning and performing complicated, recursively structured tasks. Learning the skills for making and using tools in a completely different way seems to be part...

...This chapter talks about a new vision of the ideal classroom: one for girls and one for boys. The girls' classroom is occupied by quiet, focused girls who are comfortably seated. The teacher speaks in a mellow voice, and the girls learn about chemistry by analyzing “girly” artifacts like cosmetics...