...This chapter examines the evolution of Japan's financial sector. It describes a number of structural changes including a major consolidation of the banking industry, partial reform of the government role in the financial sector, and the rise in foreign ownership of corporate equity. The chapter...

...This chapter discusses the reforms for the banking sector in the United States. In 2008, the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was initiated to advance a cash buffer to affected banks. But before banks could seek out profitable lending opportunities, the Federal Reserve devised a stress test...

..., and sometimes inappropriate regulation. This chapter argues that liberalization of financial markets has been a major cause of costly crises, especially in the last two decades. With the emergence of a shadow banking system, which remains opaque and unregulated, the chapter suggests that regulatory reform needs...

... banking system that grew up apart from, but not unconnected to, the older financial system. The shadow banking system includes hedge funds, private equity groups, insurance companies, money market funds, and pension funds, among others, and features funding sources involving the use and reuse...

... was who would pay. The complicated interconnectedness of countries and international banking was dramatized when Iceland became a near basket case overnight as its banks began to collapse. Different groups saw their own interests as reflecting the correct and necessary policy response. This chapter looks...

...From royal families, to farm animals, to the general public, artificial insemination AI has had many guises. One of these is sperm banking, where people can pay to be inseminated with sperm from men having the traits they desire. But it does not always happen that one gets what one pays...

... Outlook magazine Domestic Manners of the Americans Trollope The Gospel of Wealth Carnegie Gould Jay McClure’s magazine Trollope Fanny Vanderbilt Cornelius wealth Frick Henry Clay Homestead strike investment banking Ludlow Massacre 1914 Triangle Shirtwaist fire of 1911 banking Federal Reserve...

...The chapter describes Congressman Carter Glass’s unexpected role in passing legislation to form a central bank. Aldrich Vreeland Act of 1908 central bank Glass Carter House Banking and Currency Committee National Monetary Commission Warburg Paul M Wilson Woodrow Bacon Francis Beasley Norman...

... than shareholders. It then discusses changes in pay arrangements that would curtail incentives to take excessive risks in banks as well as in other firms. Next, it considers the question of what role, if any, the government should play in bringing about such changes. banks compensation practices...

... and Exchange Commission has offered any proposals to re-regulate the investment banks to minimize the likelihood of a future crisis. The chapter proposes a regulatory mechanism modeled on the banking regulations that already protect the payment system. This system will: (1) minimize the need for a Federal...

... Wall Street’s transformation from a clubby enclave of financiers to a symbol of vast economic power. His book begins with J. Pierpont Morgan, who ruled the American banking system at the turn of the twentieth century, and ends with Sandy Weill, whose collapsing Citigroup required the largest taxpayer...

... encourage investment and promote growth. This chapter examines the financialization and commercial banking that have accompanied major periods of economic restructuring, the change in significance of stock options over the neoliberal era, the use of accounting for corporate profits, and the restructuring...

... economic structures unchanged. At the same time, the political class pursued austerity measures to curb the growing national debt. Drawing on the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes and Hyman Minsky and applying them to the modern evolution of American banking and finance, this book offers a chilling...

... that an interruption of activity in the banking sector (where Mr. Barbera works) is all that critical to the rest of the economy, and (2) that Mulligan made one incorrect forecast in October 2008. Barbera Robert J critique of economic growth forecasting financial crisis 2008 Krugman Paul macroeconomic theory...

... opportunities for the professions; in banking the Bank of the Ptolemies became the ancient world's first and only branch banking system. Apollonius Hellenistic business Ptolemaic Empire Trade Indian ports of Eudoxus Pytheas Bactria Chang K’ien Meroë Seleucid Empire Silk Road Agribusiness...

...This chapter presents reflects on the historical significance of the Customs Service. The history of the Customs Service brings out the enormous importance of finance and banking, especially in the history of Republican China. China's hoarding of vast reserves today is in line with the behavior...

... Euromonitor International Hong Kong Mongolia Nigeria Panama Singapore Ulaanbaatar Mongolia United Arab Emirates UAE Iraq Bahrain Egypt France Slovenia Spain United States Uruguay Bangladesh Qatar World Trade Organization’s TRIPS Agreement Bank of Kigali Rwanda Gurgenidze Lado World Bank...

..., capacities, and capabilities of various economies. The book follows ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need...

...In the wake of the recent banking crisis, world leaders are looking for ways to see that this never happens again. G-20 leaders, the Obama administration, and, apparently, the Federal Reserve have focused on pay practices at financial firms as being a key cause of the recent disaster and have...

... of the banking sector under the Bush administration as well as the government's efforts to address the banks' capital ratios. antiregulation climate Chanos James S easy money policy in U S Great Recession housing market subprime mortgages bubbles collateralized debt obligations CDOs financial innovation...