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This chapter charts the social rise of peanuts in the United States. About half of the American crop of peanuts is turned into peanut butter, a quarter is used to make snack nuts, and a quarter winds up in peanut candies. When refined, the peanut makes a good-quality cooking oil that can be heated to high temperatures without smoking. Jackson County, in the central Florida panhandle, is one of the most prolific peanut-growing counties in the country. A number of festivals are held in different places to celebrate the peanut, including Dothan, Alabama; Wilson County, Texas; Grand Saline, Texas; and Suffolk, Virginia. During the Civil War, the Northern naval blockade of the South forced the Confederacy to use peanut oil as a substitute for whale oil to lubricate machinery, and southern house wives used peanut oil instead of lard as a shortening in bread and pastry and as a salad dressing, instead of olive oil. Around the turn of the twentieth century, machinery was invented that made harvesting peanuts more efficient, turning them into a viable, large-scale cash crop.
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