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Boyhood and Student Days Boyhood and Student Days
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The Move to the Capital and to the World The Move to the Capital and to the World
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The Encouragement of Learning The Encouragement of Learning
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The Theory of Civilization The Theory of Civilization
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Hard Years, 1877–81 Hard Years, 1877–81
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Criticisms and Appreciation Criticisms and Appreciation
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Introduction: The Life and Works of Fukuzawa Yukichi†
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Published:December 2013
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In Japan, a portrait of Fukuzawa Yukichi appears on every 10,000-yen note. This is official recognition of his dedication to the cause of introducing Western institutions and thought into Japan. Some people, however, may wonder why he wears traditional Japanese robes. Although there are a number of pictures of Fukuzawa, only a few are in Western attire. It seems that this reflects his basic stance: he always emphasized the spiritual revolution rather than the spurious imitation of things Western.
Fukuzawa first learned Dutch and later changed to English studies; he visited the United States twice and traveled through Europe for almost a year before the Meiji Restoration (1868). On these journeys he was able to perceive the basic “corner-stones and pillars” of modern society developing in the West. There he also conceived his manifest destiny—education and journalism. Soon after his second voyage he began to set up his school, the Keio-gijuku, which was to produce many talented graduates in business, industry, and politics.
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