... CBO healthcare savings accounts HSA Accountable Care Organizations ACO incentives Federal Poverty Level FPL Kennedy School of Government Affordable Care Act ACA health care policy Supreme Court jurisprudence individual mandate Medicare expansion In 2010 President Barack Obama signed perhaps...

...This chapter discusses the fragmented nature of the US health care system and how it raises costs and worsens health outcomes. Fragmentation occurs when there is a failure to coordinate among various health care providers. The economic theory of the firm suggests that allowing greater integration...

...“Under a Microscope” traces Puerto Rico’s definitive turn toward rehabilitative corrections in the wake of United States citizenship in 1917. Biomedicine that targeted infectious disease lurking on and inside inmate bodies set the health-care tone in Puerto Rican prisons in the 1920s and 1930s...

...“To Classify and Treat” probes how Oso Blanco became more of a psychosocial health-care institution in the 1940s and early 1950s. This second layer of the penitentiary mission and rehabilitation process coincided with the birth of Oso Blanco’s Classification and Treatment Board...

..., and tested US policy towards World Health Organization initiatives, including primary health care and essential drugs. Carter Jimmy development foreign aid international development medicine modernization oil shocks 1973 technology United Nations United States Agency for International Development...

..., the pandemic has laid bare the vast inequities—domestically and internationally—that have resulted from our (now desperate) faith in technological solutions at the expense of broader, structural changes to health care systems. The system we have built has proved anything but sustainable. capitalism COVID 19...

... negotiating skills are the key to great leadership—and that he possessed these talents in abundance. The chapter examines the major legislative battles of the Trump presidency—including health care, immigration, taxation, and the government shutdowns—and finds that despite his claims, Donald Trump struggled...

... of their health care utilization. The analysis reveals that that 20–30 percent of the total growth in Medicare program payments from 1989 to 1999 came from an increase in the participation rate while 50–60 percent was from an increase in average program payments per service recipient. Medicaid expenditures...

... is also included at the end of the chapter. Eichner Matthew Data sources AHEAD survey Basu Joy U S Bureau of the Census Chassin Mark Phelps Charles E Medicare Payment Advisory Commission Newhouse Joseph P employer insurance plans health care costs claims data care reforms Almost two-thirds...

... Woodard Lasker Charitable Trust and Michael E. DeBakey Foundation. This chapter addresses how people with specific sensory and physical impairments perceive various aspects of their health care. The data demonstrates that the vast majority of Medicare beneficiaries with or without disabilities perceive...

... a variety of statistics on enrollment and expenditures. Section 1.3 provides a heuristic overview of the economic impacts of the Medicaid program, and Section 1.4 reviews the large empirical literature on the Medicaid program and its impacts on health care utilization, health, labor supply, family structure...

... Corporation, Santa Monica, California. For their helpful comments, the authors are grateful to Charles Mullin, conference participants, and particularly their discussant, Richard Frank. Health care differs from many other industries in that most production takes place in the nonprofit sector. Little is known...

... of medical technology versus lifestyle changes or other sources of reductions in risk factors. The debate has important implications for priorities in health care research and policymaking: if medical interventions have been relatively unimportant, then the direction of more resources to research...

... Zhivan N out of pocket OOP health care expenditures De Nardi M Goldman D Zissimopoulos J Hartman M Hurd M D Rohwedder S Dranove D Gould D Himmelstein D U Mahato B McCorkle R Merlis M Millenson M L Mor V Smith J P Medicare Finkelstein A Ameriks J Hubbard R G Skinner J Zeldes S P...

... Moral hazard effect Rothschild Michael Stiglitz Joseph E Cutler David M United States contributors to employment growth in Kaiser Family Foundation Medigap insurance McClellan Mark B supplemental insurance health insurance health care costs Medicare insurance coverage public insurance...

... on resource allocation in the health care sector. The estimates indicate that the magnitude of these effects exceeds 20 percent, and may be as high as 50 percent, of drug costs. It then shows that the government's attempts to control drug prices directly are at best ineffective, as they have been offset...

... of national health care. However, a health checkup is a time-consuming health input. For this reason, the opportunity cost of work hours or days is a major determinant of the health checkup decision. In order to promote health checkups among employees and consequently in the population as a whole, a public...

.... This chapter evaluates the economic benefits of investing in medical research. It proposes a framework for valuing improvements in health and progress against disease, against which the costs of producing new medical knowledge and delivering health care can be compared. The analysis suggests that the potential...

..., considering the fact that health is a domain that people value very highly and in which great strides have been made in recent decades. Enthoven Alain C Fuchs Victor Newhouse Joseph P cost effectiveness analysis health care expenditures annual growth in medical research affect on health Berk Marc L...

.... This project received substantial financial support from the Pfizer Health Research Foundation, the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership (through Japan Center for Economic Research), the Health Care Financing Administration (through California Medical Review, Inc.), and the National Institute...