... in the balance-of-payments statistics. Council on Economic Advisers balance of payments statistics General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT General Agreement on Trade in Services GATS of the Marrakesh Agreement about gross domestic products GDPs services trades about Uruguay Round Understanding...

... concessions Vinci autopistas Spain autovias Spain Acciona ACS Cintra ENA Empresa Nacional de Autopistas FCC Spain Sacyr shadow tolls Brisa Auto estrados de Portugal Portugal toll concessions Vasco de Gama Bridge availability payment concessions Great Recession risk transfer in concessions...

... Christopher A. Gohrband is chief of the financial accounts branch at the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. Kristy L. Howell is assistant chief of the balance of payments division for goods and services at the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. The views expressed in this chapter are solely those...

...An emerging approach for restoring natural ecosystems is payment for ecosystem services (PES). Two primary means for compensation are embedding the costs of maintaining the services in the price of food and fiber products, and offering financial incentives and rewards to ranchers, farmers...

...This chapter looks at the proposed resolution, which was not in fact a voluntary agreement between the cigarette industry and all the state attorneys general. The more important complication was that the value of the payments would vary proportionately with the unit sales volume of tobacco products...

... summarizes the results for heart attack price indexes and extends them to include quality of life and more recent time periods. It also discusses inflation rates and benefit payments. Advisory Commission on the Consumer Price Index Armknecht Paul A Cutler David Ford InaKay Ginsburg Daniel H Griliches...

... of the stabilization programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the twin crises in the 1990s. These are the balance-of-payments-cum-financial crisis in Mexico in 1994 and the Asian financial crises of 1997–98. This chapter explains that the magnitude and severity of these crises led many to question the role...

... with excessive tax, severe capital control, or numerous licensing requirements, bribery allows firms to circumvent these otherwise suffocating regulatory burdens. This argument may be characterized as a theory of “efficient grease payments.” This chapter explores the effects of taxes, capital controls...

...-as-you-go basis through premium payments as well as through the general government budget, while the financing of both of the supplementary pension components is funded on a capital basis. Section 9.2 of this chapter summarizes the financial challenges for the Netherlands pension system given...

... significant implications for analytic uses of the measures, including decreases for the labor share of income and the return on US direct investment abroad and increases for the trade in services balance and the return on domestic nonfinancial business. Balance of Payments and International Investment...

... of research support, and disclosure of the authors’ material financial relationships, if any, please see https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/challenges-globalization-measurement-national-accounts/relationship-between-tax-payments-and-mnes-patenting-activities-and-implications-real-economic . We analyze...

... of their health care utilization. The analysis reveals that that 20–30 percent of the total growth in Medicare program payments from 1989 to 1999 came from an increase in the participation rate while 50–60 percent was from an increase in average program payments per service recipient. Medicaid expenditures...

... support. Section 9.4 describes trends in child support awards and payments. Section 9.5 discusses the importance of child support to low-income families. Section 9.6 examines the capacity of noncustodial parents to pay child support. Section 9.7 discusses the trends in costs and effectiveness of the child...

...This chapter analyzes the legal context regarding the probationary period, severance payments, nonwage costs, and temporary contracts, all factors that affect firm and worker behavior. It also describes changes in employment in Metropolitan Lima during the period of analysis and discusses how...

..., those withdrawals were debited in nominal terms, adding to the costs faced by employers. In practice, the new system implied a reduction in the level and uncertainty of severance payments for firms. In fact, the initial effect of the reform was to lower nonwage labor costs to 42.9 percent of the basic...

...This HOLC delivered relief to borrowers by lengthening loan durations, lowering interest rates, and by requiring no principal payments for the first three years. However, HOLC modifications did not generally grant significant reductions in borrowers’ total debts. The chapter uses an extended...

... for entering receipts, payments of money, or daily memoranda. Those spare pages could be used to record one's whereabouts for the day. This feature is what preformatted the diary section, as it allows users to view time in a new way—the linear presentation of the days enables users to anticipate and make plans...

...Figure 10.1. Optimal capacity and energy prices in long-term equilibrium Figure 10.2. Recovery of generation cost through marginal cost and capacity payments Figure 10.3. Adding demand curtailment to the technology stack Figure 10.4. Characteristic shape of supply and demand functions...

... policy and its motivations in the 1960s based on the Board of Governor’s Annual Reports. The chapter then uses narrative evidence from the minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee to develop the view that balance-of-payments considerations exercised a restraining influence...

... economy was expanding rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. Overall economic growth was sharply decreased during the balance-of-payments crisis of 1966–67. There was a vital enhancement in access to schooling. The stabilization aspects of policy in 1991 bore short-term success. As of 2000, it was clear...