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Jarosław D. Kasprzak, Wim B. Vletter, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Jan R. van Meegen, Richard Johnson, Folkert J. Ten Cate, Visualization and quantification of myocardial mass at risk using three-dimensional contrast echocardiography, Cardiovascular Research, Volume 40, Issue 2, November 1998, Pages 314–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00178-3
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Abstract
Objective: Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of myocardial ischemia using contrast echocardiography has been hampered by limitations of available contrast agents and analytic software. In the study presented, a three-dimensional perfusion imaging method was evaluated in the porcine model of myocardial ischemia using a novel contrast agent. Methods: Three-dimensional echocardiography was performed in eight open-chested pigs before, during and after left anterior descending (six animals) or circumflex (two animals) coronary artery occlusion. The intramyocardial contrast effect was obtained by left atrial injection of Myomap™, a deposit contrast agent. Results: Myocardial opacification was visible in all studies and retained in all three-dimensional datasets. Three-dimensional intensity analysis demonstrated a significant difference, exceeding 20 intensity units in every animal (in 127-level scale), between perfused and non-perfused myocardium. Reperfusion followed by contrast reinjection resulted in homogenous myocardial enhancement. Myocardial mass at risk was clearly delineated in all studies and measured with a mean error of −0.1±2.0 g against real mass (p=non-significant). Spatial extent of ischemia could be displayed in volume-rendered reconstruction of separate perfusion territories. Conclusions: Quantitative analysis of myocardial contrast enhancement from three-dimensional datasets is feasible and allows accurate measurement of myocardial mass at risk.
