...This introductory chapter begins with an overview of the evolution of extreme right parties in Western Europe since the 1980s. It highlights the emergence of new extreme right parties that do not share any commitment to neo-fascism, but rather are anti-system as they undermine the democratic...

...The extreme right has consolidated its presence across Western Europe. This book presents a compilation of studies on the ideological meanings and political/partisan expressions of the extreme right, their post-war evolution, and the reasons behind the success and failure of various parties...

...This chapter provides a historical and comparative perspective on contemporary American military institutions. It focuses on the origins, evolution, and eventual disappearance of conscription in Western Europe. By the 1970s, Europeans had developed civilian states in which the military’s...

...This chapter discusses the process of embedding the American model of business and industrial production in Western Europe. The launch of the Marshall plan in 1948 provided the U.S. an opportunity to extend its hold over the economic affairs of Western Europe. The Economic Cooperation...

... class middle class rural populations individualism pillarization royal question Belgium parliamentary democracy Flanders Christian democracy Cold War Western Europe This book is intended as an investigation of a problem: why did the manifold political and social crises which Belgium...

...This chapter discusses the American Red Cross's (ARC) civilian relief efforts in Europe during the Great War. Focusing primarily on Western Europe, it examines the initiatives of ARC workers not only in terms of material relief but also in the areas of health and welfare. More specifically...

..., focusing on Europe, the United States, and the developing world. By way of introduction, this chapter discusses the decline of Christianity, first in Western Europe and then in Eastern Europe, as well as types of religiosity and the link between modernisation and secularisation. defining religion karma...

..., and prestige of institutional religion across Western Europe. spirituality superstition vicarious religion magic witchcraft worship church attendance France astrology Scotland clergy China risk Africa Darwinism fundamentalism fundamentalists Islam plausibility privatization science Berger...

... Franklin M N van der Eijk C sixteen country survey Steenbergen M European Integration citizenship dimensions Western Europe Southern Europe Eastern Europe data limitations This is the first of two chapters that deal with the possible impact of the attitudes forming the dimensions of EU citizenship...

... that would ultimately be capable of defending Western Europe on the ground. But the Americans were willing to take that step only if the European allies, for their part, were prepared to do what was necessary to “make this defense of Europe a success.” The U.S. government, he said, had come to the conclusion...

... lordship over a realm which extended over northern Britain and into the Western Isles. The papacy recognised a Scottish ecclesiastical province with its own rights and liberties. These provided definitions of Scotland as a separate community in terms which were easily understood across western Europe...

... that the ideological inspiration for communism did not come from Russia but from Western Europe and that Poland was not subordinated to the Soviet state per se but was directly subordinated to the Communist Party. Soviet Union political influence Poland Old Russia communism Western Europe...

... and Western Europe. While some musical leaders tried to make modernist music accessible to the public through education, others tried, for ideological reasons, to keep the public at bay. These contradictory impulses affected not only the marketing of Bartók's music and other modernist masterworks, but also...

... Germany Communism Western Europe Eastern Europe appeasement policy Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler If Britain and France refrained from challenging Italy and Germany in Spain, this was not because they were blind to the threat to their strategic interests; ¹ it was because they feared...

... on “encastellation” (the development of extensive internal fortifications) as a form of military security in early medieval Western Europe. It then considers how barbarian invasions and the wreckage they caused reshaped the political order and resulted in the fragmentation of Europe into smaller polities. It also...

... labour policies in Western Europe. The last section of the chapter describes the Western European experience, including the administration of workfare programmes and effects on clients. It is shown that programmes in the US and Western Europe suffer from many of the same administrative problems...

...Western Europe has not only met but also married Eastern Europe, even if there are rumours that it was a marriage of convenience, consummated in ‘EU Europe’. Nevertheless, a significant outcome of the cohabitation has been the resurgence of debates about the status, location, and distinctiveness...

... heyday of Americanisation ‘from below’ started with the ‘American occupation of Britain’ and that of continental Europe during and after World War II. This article focuses on Western Europe and Americanisation, highlighting Americanisation from above and Americanisation from below. It looks at two...

...The development of natural theology in the Middle Ages was driven by the rebirth experienced by Western Europe beginning in the 1000s owing to the emergence of stable monarchies and reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. This expansion gave scholars access to the vast libraries of scientific...

... of populism in North and South America as well as in Eastern and Western Europe. Lastly, the article discusses the complex relationship that populism maintains with democracy, nationalism, and gender. Bale T Fortuyn Pim Gellner Ernest Ionesco Ghita Perón Juan Domingo populism Freedom Party of Austria...