
Contents
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6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Flexibility and adaptivity 6.2 Flexibility and adaptivity
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6.2.1 Niches and natural diversity 6.2.1 Niches and natural diversity
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6.2.2 Beyond behaviorism 6.2.2 Beyond behaviorism
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6.2.3 Redundancies and complements 6.2.3 Redundancies and complements
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Redundant and complementary perceptions Redundant and complementary perceptions
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Redundant and complementary motor activities Redundant and complementary motor activities
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6.3 Sensorimotor learning and adaptation 6.3 Sensorimotor learning and adaptation
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6.4 Anticipatory behavior 6.4 Anticipatory behavior
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6.4.1 Forward anticipatory behavior 6.4.1 Forward anticipatory behavior
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Reafference principle Reafference principle
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Adaptive filtering Adaptive filtering
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Anticipatory behavioral adaptation Anticipatory behavioral adaptation
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6.4.2 Inverse anticipatory behavior 6.4.2 Inverse anticipatory behavior
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Anticipatory learning Anticipatory learning
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6.5 Motivations and curiosity 6.5 Motivations and curiosity
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6.5.1 Intrinsic reward 6.5.1 Intrinsic reward
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6.5.2 Extrinsic reward and motivations 6.5.2 Extrinsic reward and motivations
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6.6 Summary and outlook 6.6 Summary and outlook
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6.7 Exercises 6.7 Exercises
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6 Behavioral Flexibility and Anticipatory Behavior
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Published:January 2017
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Abstract
While reward-oriented learning can adapt and optimize behavior, this chapter shows how behavior can become anticipatory and selectively goal-oriented. Flexibility and adaptability are necessary when living in changing environmental niches. As a consequence, different locations in the environment need to be distinguished to enable selective and optimally attuned interactions. To accomplish this, sensorimotor learning is necessary. With sufficient sensorimotor knowledge, the progressively abstract learning of environmental predictive models becomes possible. These models enable forward anticipations about action consequences and incoming sensory information. As a consequence, our own influences on the environment can be distinguished from other influences, following the re-afference principle. Moreover, inverse anticipations enable the selection of the behavior that is believed to reach current goals most effectively. Coupled with motivations, goal-directed behavior can be generated self-motivatedly. Furthermore, curious, information seeking, epistemic behavior can be generated. The remainder of the book addresses how the brain accomplishes this goal-oriented, self-motivated generation of behavior and thought, where the latter can be considered mental behavior.
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