
Contents
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4.1 Introduction 4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Ontogenetic development 4.2 Ontogenetic development
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4.2.1 Prenatal development 4.2.1 Prenatal development
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From one cell to an organism From one cell to an organism
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Fetal cognitive capabilities Fetal cognitive capabilities
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4.2.2 Cognitive development after birth: the first few years 4.2.2 Cognitive development after birth: the first few years
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Motor system Motor system
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Sensorimotor system Sensorimotor system
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Conceptualizations Conceptualizations
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Development of item- and event-specific memory Development of item- and event-specific memory
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Social cognition, imitation, and the self Social cognition, imitation, and the self
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4.3 Phylogenetic development and evolution 4.3 Phylogenetic development and evolution
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4.3.1 A brief history of evolution science 4.3.1 A brief history of evolution science
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Origins of the theory of natural selection Origins of the theory of natural selection
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Birth of the modern theory of evolution Birth of the modern theory of evolution
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4.3.2 Genetics in a nutshell 4.3.2 Genetics in a nutshell
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4.3.3 Evolutionary mechanisms 4.3.3 Evolutionary mechanisms
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4.4 Evolutionary computation 4.4 Evolutionary computation
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4.4.1 Basic components of evolutionary computation algorithms 4.4.1 Basic components of evolutionary computation algorithms
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Encoding and initialization of population Encoding and initialization of population
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Evaluation Evaluation
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Selection Selection
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Genotype variations Genotype variations
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Mutation Mutation
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Recombination Recombination
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4.4.2 When do evolutionary algorithms work? 4.4.2 When do evolutionary algorithms work?
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Schema theory Schema theory
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Evolutionary discovery of new building blocks Evolutionary discovery of new building blocks
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Overall considerations Overall considerations
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4.5 What can we learn from evolution? 4.5 What can we learn from evolution?
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4.6 Exercises 4.6 Exercises
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4 Cognitive Development and Evolution
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Published:January 2017
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Abstract
When acknowledging that the mind is embodied, cognitive development and evolution must determine how the body and environment shape the mind. Evolution has evolved structures and computational mechanisms in the body, and the brain that predispose ontogenetic development. Starting with conception, brain, body, and mind co-develop, and shape each other. An infant first develops rudimentary bodily representation and control capabilities, and concurrently uses them to abstract from and generalize over the gathered sensorimotor experiences to develop conceptual understandings and language. Evolution, on the other hand, works on a different time scale. Evolutionary pressures towards survival-suitable cell and bodily structures have dominated much of evolutionary progression. Benefits due to social interactions and coordinated cooperation have led to the evolution of the human brain, enabling the development of human minds. Some details on genetics and on evolutionary computation shed further light on how evolution must have brought about human minds. Thereby, the evolution of suitable bodily structures, of brain modularizations, developmental pathways, adaptive behavioral capabilities, and predispositions for social interactions constitute critical components. Subsequent chapters focus on the computational mechanisms behind embodied cognitive development.
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