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10.1 Responses to “Politics in a New Key” 10.1 Responses to “Politics in a New Key”
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10.2 The Limits of Liberalism 10.2 The Limits of Liberalism
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10.3 The New Conservatives: Attempts at Mobilization 10.3 The New Conservatives: Attempts at Mobilization
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10.4 Fin-de-siècle Religion and Politics: Between Modernism and Neo-traditionalism 10.4 Fin-de-siècle Religion and Politics: Between Modernism and Neo-traditionalism
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10.5 The Rise of Integral Nationalism 10.5 The Rise of Integral Nationalism
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10 Liberals, Conservatives, and Mass Politics
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Published:February 2016
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Abstract
The mass politics emerging at the turn of the century brought a reconfiguration of liberal and conservative thought. As for the liberals, the possible directions of change seemed to involve either a move closer to the nationalists, or toward the socialists. The third option was to reject this alternative, creating a sort of liberal–conservative synthesis. Simultaneously, the conservatives also became conscious that the social transformation presented them with new dangers, but also with opportunities. One can identify two basic trajectories of change: integral nationalism connected elements of positivist, Social Darwinist, and neo-Romantic thought, while reform conservatism took some ideas from classical liberalism, mixing it with the social reformism of the German Katheder-Sozialisten. However, neither the liberals nor the conservatives managed to retain their intellectual dominance and their political survival eventually depended mostly on their willingness to assume a radical nationalist position, which in many ways contradicted their ideological heritage.
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