
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Introduction Introduction
-
Medications Medications
-
Monoamine-Based Antidepressants Monoamine-Based Antidepressants
-
Tricyclic Antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants
-
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
-
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
-
Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
-
Atypical Monoamine-Based Antidepressants Atypical Monoamine-Based Antidepressants
-
Trazodone Trazodone
-
Mirtazapine Mirtazapine
-
Bupropion Bupropion
-
-
-
Glutamatergic Antidepressants Glutamatergic Antidepressants
-
Ketamine and Esketamine Ketamine and Esketamine
-
Other Glutamatergic Antidepressants Other Glutamatergic Antidepressants
-
-
GABAergic Antidepressants GABAergic Antidepressants
-
Brexanolone and Zuranolone Brexanolone and Zuranolone
-
-
-
Treatment-Resistant Depression Treatment-Resistant Depression
-
Adjunctive Strategies Adjunctive Strategies
-
Antidepressants Antidepressants
-
Antiglucocorticoid Treatments (Mefipristone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Ketoconazole, and Metyrapone) Antiglucocorticoid Treatments (Mefipristone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Ketoconazole, and Metyrapone)
-
Antipsychotics (Dopamine D2 Antagonists Plus Secondary Actions) Antipsychotics (Dopamine D2 Antagonists Plus Secondary Actions)
-
Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines
-
Buspirone (5-HT1A Agonist) Buspirone (5-HT1A Agonist)
-
Cytokine Antibodies or Receptor Antagonists Cytokine Antibodies or Receptor Antagonists
-
Dopamine Agonists Dopamine Agonists
-
Estrogen Estrogen
-
Folic Acid, Methylfolate, and S-Adenosyl-Methionine Folic Acid, Methylfolate, and S-Adenosyl-Methionine
-
Lamotrigine Lamotrigine
-
Lithium Lithium
-
NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonists (Ketamine and Esketamine) NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonists (Ketamine and Esketamine)
-
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Omega-3 Fatty Acids
-
Opioid Modulators and κ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists Opioid Modulators and κ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists
-
Psychedelics Psychedelics
-
Psychostimulants Psychostimulants
-
Riluzole Riluzole
-
Thyroid Hormone (T4 and T3) Thyroid Hormone (T4 and T3)
-
-
-
Special Populations Special Populations
-
Depression Associated with Bipolar Disorder Depression Associated with Bipolar Disorder
-
The Reproductive Behavioral Health of Women The Reproductive Behavioral Health of Women
-
Depression in the Elderly Depression in the Elderly
-
Depression in Children and Adolescents Depression in Children and Adolescents
-
Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal Affective Disorder
-
-
Psychotherapy Psychotherapy
-
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Electroconvulsive Therapy and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
-
Toward the Future Toward the Future
-
Acknowledgments and Disclosures Acknowledgments and Disclosures
-
References References
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34. Current Treatments for Depression
Get access-
Published:January 2025
Cite
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling medical condition, with such prevalence having markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression may be a predictor of later medical disease and, in the presence of comorbid medical illness, is associated with poorer medical outcomes. It is critical to provide adequate treatment of MDD. This chapter reviews the pharmacological approaches to the treatment of patients with MDD, ranging from the monoamine-based pharmacotherapies to the more recently introduced glutamatergic and GABAergic antidepressants. It also reviews the pharmacological actions of these agents and their relevance to both efficacy and tolerability, as well as the results of the STAR*D study, the largest trial ever conducted in MDD. The chapter describes the most common approaches to MDD patients who do not respond adequately to antidepressants and, in particular, the most common augmentation strategies. The roles of psychotherapy and of brain stimulation strategies are discussed.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
February 2025 | 1 |
March 2025 | 3 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.