
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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BDNF Expression and Receptor-Coupled Signaling Pathways BDNF Expression and Receptor-Coupled Signaling Pathways
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BDNF and the Nerve Growth Factor Family BDNF and the Nerve Growth Factor Family
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BDNF Transcription and Expression BDNF Transcription and Expression
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BDNF Processing, Trafficking, and Release BDNF Processing, Trafficking, and Release
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proBDNF and Mature BDNF Receptor-Coupled Signaling Pathways proBDNF and Mature BDNF Receptor-Coupled Signaling Pathways
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BDNF Plays a Key Role in Synapse Formation and Neuroplasticity BDNF Plays a Key Role in Synapse Formation and Neuroplasticity
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Influence of Stress and Depression on BDNF Expression and Signaling Influence of Stress and Depression on BDNF Expression and Signaling
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Influence of Stress and Depression on BDNF Expression: Rodent and Human Studies Influence of Stress and Depression on BDNF Expression: Rodent and Human Studies
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Structural Consequences of Stress and Depression: Neuronal Atrophy and Loss of Synapses Structural Consequences of Stress and Depression: Neuronal Atrophy and Loss of Synapses
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Human Brain Imaging Studies: Decreased Size of Hippocampus and PFC in Depression Human Brain Imaging Studies: Decreased Size of Hippocampus and PFC in Depression
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Human Postmortem Studies: Atrophy and Loss of Neurons in Depression Human Postmortem Studies: Atrophy and Loss of Neurons in Depression
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Rodent Studies: Evidence for Cellular and Structural Alterations in Chronic Stress Models Rodent Studies: Evidence for Cellular and Structural Alterations in Chronic Stress Models
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Neuronal Atrophy Neuronal Atrophy
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Decreased Neurogenesis Decreased Neurogenesis
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Glial Loss Glial Loss
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Functional Consequences of Altered BDNF: Mutant Mice and Knockdown Studies Functional Consequences of Altered BDNF: Mutant Mice and Knockdown Studies
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Loss-of-Function Human BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism: Studies of Knockin Mice Loss-of-Function Human BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism: Studies of Knockin Mice
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Antidepressant Treatments Increase BDNF Expression and Signaling Antidepressant Treatments Increase BDNF Expression and Signaling
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Classical Antidepressants Increase the Expression of BDNF Classical Antidepressants Increase the Expression of BDNF
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BDNF Is Necessary for Antidepressant Responses BDNF Is Necessary for Antidepressant Responses
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Role of BDNF in the Actions of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants Role of BDNF in the Actions of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
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Role of VEGF and FGF2 Growth Factors in Stress, Depression, and Antidepressant Response Role of VEGF and FGF2 Growth Factors in Stress, Depression, and Antidepressant Response
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VEGF Signaling VEGF Signaling
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VEGF in Stress and Depression VEGF in Stress and Depression
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FGF2 Growth Factor Signaling FGF2 Growth Factor Signaling
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FGF2 in Stress and Depression FGF2 in Stress and Depression
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Conclusions and Future Directions Conclusions and Future Directions
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References References
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31. Neurotrophic Mechanisms of Depression and Antidepressant Action in Animal and Human Studies
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Published:January 2025
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Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are required for the proliferation, maturation, and guidance of neurons during development, but they also play critical roles in the adult brain. The disruption of neurotrophic factor expression and signaling by stress has been hypothesized to contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to depression. Conversely, neurotrophic factors have been shown to be critical for antidepressant effects, including the rapid action of ketamine and scopolamine. This chapter provides an overview of neurotrophic factors, with a focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in depression and the complexity of recent findings. It also discusses the essential role of BDNF in antidepressant action, including rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine and scopolamine.
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