
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Barbarians within the Roman Ecumene Barbarians within the Roman Ecumene
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The Regnalization of Late Antiquity The Regnalization of Late Antiquity
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The Age of the Huns The Age of the Huns
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The Hephthalites and the Shah The Hephthalites and the Shah
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Conclusion Conclusion
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4 Client Kings and Barbarians
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Published:November 2024
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Abstract
The normative order of the Two Eyes system rested on a set of client–patron relations in which subordinate kings would accept a lower status in comparison to the Byzantine emperor and Persian shah. Through shared courtly cultures and imperial patronage, the two imperial centres sought to order the world around them. This hierarchical order, however, was challenged by the rise of nomadic confederations which threatened imperial stability. The Huns and the Hephthalites both challenged the ability of the emperor and shah to portray themselves as equal ‘brothers’ to one another. The nomadic threat therefore challenged the very basis of the dual hierarchy of the Two Eyes system.
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