
Contents
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6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction
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6.2 International trade agreements and economic treaties 6.2 International trade agreements and economic treaties
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6.3 Effects of equal treatment principle on alcohol policies 6.3 Effects of equal treatment principle on alcohol policies
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6.4 Single market, open borders and tax harmonization in the EU 6.4 Single market, open borders and tax harmonization in the EU
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6.5 Effects on the control of alcohol supply and marketing 6.5 Effects on the control of alcohol supply and marketing
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6.6 International financial organizations and national alcohol policies 6.6 International financial organizations and national alcohol policies
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6.7 Alcohol control at the international level: the public health perspective 6.7 Alcohol control at the international level: the public health perspective
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6.8 Conclusions: alcohol, trade agreements and public health 6.8 Conclusions: alcohol, trade agreements and public health
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6 International context of alcohol policy
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Published:February 2010
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Abstract
In recent decades the operating assumption in international agreements has been to treat alcoholic beverages as ordinary commodities like bread and milk or coffee and tea. In a world of increasing international trade and globalization of the alcohol industry, this has meant that national and local alcohol control policies have increasingly come under pressure because of decisions at the international level. This chapter describes how these pressures have arisen and how they affect national and local alcohol policies and the prospects for alcohol control at the international level. It is argued that the current situation in international trade and market regimes can be changed by purposive action in the interests of public health and social welfare. Much of the material on which this chapter is based comes from the European Union (EU), but the lessons learned from the European countries are relevant to other parts of the world as well. To deal with the burden of illness resulting from alcohol, and to counter the view that alcohol is an ordinary commodity, public health organizations have begun to formulate strategies and interventions that can be used by governments to protect the health of their populations. The final part of the chapter discusses the role of the World Health Organization in providing a broader perspective on the international context of alcohol policies.
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