
Contents
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6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Productivity 6.2 Productivity
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6.3 The Copularization of becumeþ 6.3 The Copularization of becumeþ
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6.3.1 The Productivity of Copular becumeþ 6.3.1 The Productivity of Copular becumeþ
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6.3.2 Multiple Sources in the Development of Copular becumeþ 6.3.2 Multiple Sources in the Development of Copular becumeþ
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6.3.2.1 Overview 6.3.2.1 Overview
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6.3.2.2 The Result Construction and its Sources 6.3.2.2 The Result Construction and its Sources
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6.3.2.3 becumeþ Plus Depictive Construction 6.3.2.3 becumeþ Plus Depictive Construction
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6.3.2.4 Analogy with (ge)wierð 6.3.2.4 Analogy with (ge)wierð
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6.3.3 Interim Summary 6.3.3 Interim Summary
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6.4 The Copularization of weaxeþ 6.4 The Copularization of weaxeþ
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6.4.1 The Productivity of Resultative and Copular weaxeþ 6.4.1 The Productivity of Resultative and Copular weaxeþ
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6.4.2 Copularization of weaxeþ: Direct Lineage Plus Facilitating Constructions 6.4.2 Copularization of weaxeþ: Direct Lineage Plus Facilitating Constructions
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6.4.2.1 Overview 6.4.2.1 Overview
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6.4.2.2 Resultative Constructions Featuring weaxeþ 6.4.2.2 Resultative Constructions Featuring weaxeþ
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6.4.2.3 Constructions Enhancing the Extensibility of Resultative weaxeþ 6.4.2.3 Constructions Enhancing the Extensibility of Resultative weaxeþ
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6.4.2.4 weaxeþ as a Productive Copula 6.4.2.4 weaxeþ as a Productive Copula
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6.5 Summary and Theoretical Discussion 6.5 Summary and Theoretical Discussion
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6 Copularization of becumeþ and weaxeþ
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Published:July 2014
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Abstract
Chapter 6 provides the first detailed analysis of the development of the change-of-state copulas become (originally ‘arrive’) and wax (‘grow’). Intriguingly, these verbs became fully productive copulas in a very short time. It is argued that this happened after a pre-copular stage had reached a threshold value. Crucially, the copularization of become and wax reached this threshold as a result of an interactive constellation of multiple lineages of constructions belonging to two groups. First, verb-class-specific constructions involving become or wax gradually changed and interacted. Second, verb-class-specific constructions involving already existing copulas, notably weorðan ‘become’, provided a template of general productivity upon which the newly emerging copulas could graft.
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