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Anemias Anemias
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Evaluation of Anemias Evaluation of Anemias
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Microcytic Anemias Microcytic Anemias
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Iron Deficiency Iron Deficiency
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Thalassemia Syndromes Thalassemia Syndromes
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Sideroblastic Anemias Sideroblastic Anemias
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Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy) Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
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Macrocytic Anemias Macrocytic Anemias
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Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency
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Folate Deficiency Folate Deficiency
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Normocytic Anemias Normocytic Anemias
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Anemia of Chronic Disease Anemia of Chronic Disease
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Erythropoietin Erythropoietin
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Aplastic Anemia Aplastic Anemia
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Hemolytic Anemias Hemolytic Anemias
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Inheritance Patterns Inheritance Patterns
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Laboratory Findings Laboratory Findings
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Peripheral Smear (Differential Diagnosis) Peripheral Smear (Differential Diagnosis)
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Intravascular Hemolysis Compared With Extravascular Hemolysis Intravascular Hemolysis Compared With Extravascular Hemolysis
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Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Anemia Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Anemia
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Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia
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Autoantibody Mechanism Autoantibody Mechanism
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Drug Adsorption Mechanism Drug Adsorption Mechanism
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Immune Complex Mechanism Immune Complex Mechanism
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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Warm Agglutinins Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Warm Agglutinins
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Cold Agglutinin Syndrome (Primary Cold Agglutinin Disease) Cold Agglutinin Syndrome (Primary Cold Agglutinin Disease)
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Immunology of Cold Agglutinins Immunology of Cold Agglutinins
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Anti-I) Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Anti-I)
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Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (Complement-Mediated Lysis) Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (Complement-Mediated Lysis)
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Coombs-Negative Hemolytic Anemias Coombs-Negative Hemolytic Anemias
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G6PD Deficiency G6PD Deficiency
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Other Enzymopathies Other Enzymopathies
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Hereditary Spherocytosis Hereditary Spherocytosis
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
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Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Differential Diagnosis Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Differential Diagnosis
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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
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Sickle Cell Disorders Sickle Cell Disorders
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Classification and Pathophysiology Classification and Pathophysiology
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Clinical Manifestations Clinical Manifestations
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Treatment Treatment
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Sickle Cell Trait and Compound States Sickle Cell Trait and Compound States
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Neutropenia Neutropenia
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Transfusion Reactions Transfusion Reactions
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Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
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Transfusion Reactions Associated With Anti-IgA Antibodies Transfusion Reactions Associated With Anti-IgA Antibodies
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Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury
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Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
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Urticarial (Allergic) Transfusion Reactions Urticarial (Allergic) Transfusion Reactions
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Febrile Transfusion Reactions Febrile Transfusion Reactions
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Circulatory Overload Circulatory Overload
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Posttransfusion Purpura Posttransfusion Purpura
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Infection Infection
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Gaucher Disease Gaucher Disease
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Porphyria Porphyria
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Hematology of Acquired Immunodeficiency Hematology of Acquired Immunodeficiency
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Parvovirus Infection Parvovirus Infection
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Massive Splenomegaly Massive Splenomegaly
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Spontaneous Splenic Ruptures Spontaneous Splenic Ruptures
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Cite
Abstract
The major forms of benign hematologic conditions are anemia, neutropenia, transfusion reactions, Gaucher disease, and porphyria. Anemia is a sign of disease rather than a disease itself. Anemia results from 1 or more of 3 pathologic mechanisms: inadequate production of red blood cells (RBCs) by the bone marrow, blood loss, or premature destruction of RBCs. The major causes of neutropenia include hematologic neoplasm, metastatic neoplasm involving the marrow, irradiation, vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency, drugs, infections, congenital or acquired primary disorders of hematopoiesis, autoimmune neutropenia, hypersplenism, hemodilution, and benign idiopathic neutropenia. The porphyrias are enzyme disorders that are autosomal dominant with low disease penetrance, except for congenital erythropoietic porphyria, which is autosomal recessive, and porphyria cutanea tarda, which may be acquired and is associated with hepatitis C and hemochromatosis.
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